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. 2022 Jan 27;51(6):1195–1225. doi: 10.1007/s10566-021-09663-9

Table 3.

Proportion of parents and/or caregivers’ responses (in percentages) for each item related to children and adolescents behavior and affect

Less than before Same as before More than before
Impulsivity-inattention
Cannot focus or pay attention for a long time 5.6 57,8 36.5
Cannot sit quietly; is restless or hyperactive 7.6 62.3 30
Acts without thinking 4.6 76.3 19.2
Mood or feelings change suddenly 1.8 59.6 38.6
Dependence-withdrawal
Acts as if he/she was underage 6.6 71.6 21.8
Is too dependent or attached to adults 7.6 53.4 39.1
Demands a lot of attention 4.8 49.4 45.8
Likes drawing attention or playing the clown 2.3 70.5 27.1
Aggression-irritability
Argues a lot 6.1 47.5 46.5
Destroys his/her things and/or the things of those who live with him/her 2.3 89 8.7
Disobeys 6.5 66.3 27.2
Gets jealous easily 3 71.4 25.6
Fights 4 54.4 41.6
Is moody or throws tantrums 3.6 55.7 40.7
Behaves in a noisy, loud way 2.9 67.4 29.7
Gets easily frustrated 3.9 60.7 35.4
Seems obstinate, moody or irritable 3.2 51 45.8
Anxiety-depression
Cries a lot 3.6 64.5 32
Is nervous, tense 4.7 53 42.4
Is too fearful or gets anxious 3.7 60 36.3
Seems unhappy, sad or depressed 3.9 68.6 27.5
Worries too much about everything 4.8 75.9 19.3
Is inactive, sluggish or lacks energy 4.6 63.6 31.8
Sleep and eating difficulties
Has nightmares 3.8 77 19.2
Eats too much 5.8 65.3 28.9
Sleeps little 14.3 72.9 12.9
Sleeps a lot 5.5 60.7 33.9
Eats little 9.3 84.7 6
Wakes up often during the night 3.7 76.7 19.6
Has trouble sleeping 2 62.2 35.9
Positive affect
Interest 34.7 55.4 9.9
Attention 34.4 55.9 9.7
Enthusiasm 41.7 49.8 8.5
Happiness 29.8 57.7 12.5
Strength 24.7 62.2 13.1
Energy 34.8 42.7 22.5
Tranquility 40.8 49.1 10
Forcefulness 15.9 47.8 36.3
Joy 24.6 61.6 13.9
Activity 52 33.4 14.6
Pride 15.4 72.3 12.4
Pleased 25.6 62 12.4
Charm 39.6 53.4 7.1
Audacity 29.1 55.9 14.9
Liveliness 39.4 49 16.1