Table 6.
Antimicrobial activities of different extracts of L. sativum.
| Extract/concentration | Control drug used | Microorganisms | Agar well diffusion method/agar disc diffusion method ZI (mm); control drug (ZI) | MIC/MBC (mg/mL) | Regions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chloroform extract (100 mg/mL) | Gentamicin |
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Micrococcus luteus |
NZ; 22 NZ; 24 NZ; 21 10; 25 NZ; 28 11; 27 |
NT | India | [128] |
| Ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/mL) | Gentamicin |
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Micrococcus luteus |
14; 22 NZ; 24 NZ; 21 18; 25 NZ; 28 16; 27 |
NT | ||
| Methanol extract (100 mg/mL) | Gentamicin |
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Micrococcus luteus |
14; 22 13; 24 14; 21 22; 25 16; 28 16; 27 |
6.25/25 25/ND 6.25/25 1.56/6.25 6.25/25.0 12.5/ND |
||
| Dichloromethane extract (100 mg/mL) | Gentamicin |
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Micrococcus luteus |
NZ; 22 NZ; 24 NZ; 21 NZ; 25 NZ; 28 10; 27 |
NT | ||
| Petroleum ether extracts (2.5%) | Gentamicin/ Ketoconzol |
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida albicans |
25; 32 25; 32 26; 35 21; 34 18; 32 32; 33 |
NT | Sudan | [129] |
| Methanolic extract (2.5%) | Gentamicin/Ketoconzol |
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida albicans |
15; 32 17; 32 16; 35 18; 34 17; 32 9; 33 |
|||
| Aqueous extract (10%) | Gentamicin/ Ketoconzol |
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Candida albicans |
NZ; 32 19; 32 17; 35 19; 34 16; 32 21; 33 |
|||
| Ethanolic extract (1 mg/mL) | Not mentioned |
Staphylococcus aureus
Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella Enteritidis Escherichia coli Serratia marcescens |
10∗ 10∗ 20∗ 12∗ 7 |
NT | Egypt | [54] |
| Methanol extract (1 mg/mL) | Not mentioned |
Salmonella Enteritidis
Serratia marcescens |
15 9 |
|||
| Methanol extract (100 mg/mL) | Gentamicin/ nystatin |
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus subtilis Candida albicans Aspergillus niger |
14; 32 13; 35 13; 29 14; 17 20; 20 |
NT | Sudan | [130] |
| Ethanol extract (50 mg/mL) | Vancomycin |
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
22.63; 18 10; NA |
NT | Ethiopia | [131] |
| Methanol extract (50 mg/mL) | Vancomycin |
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
22.37; 18 9; NA |
|||
| Chloroform extract (50 mg/mL) | Vancomycin |
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
10.67; 18 11.33; NA |
|||
| Ethyl acetate extract | Erythromycin | Rhodococcus equi | 15.5; 23 | NT | Morocco | [18] |
| Methanolic extract | Chlorophénicol | Rhodococcus equi | 13.15; 34 | |||
| Petroleum ether extract | Ciprofloxacine | Rhodococcus equi | 10.35; 30 | |||
| Ethanol extract | Not mentioned |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumonia Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes MβL, P. aeruginosa ESβL, E. coli MRSA MDR S. pyogenes |
NT | 12.5/25 6.25/12.5 3.13/3.13 6.25/6.25 50/50 25/25 12.5/12.5 12.5/25 100/50 |
Egypt | [132] |
| Acetone extract | Not mentioned |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumonia Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus MβL, P. aeruginosa ESβL, Klebsiella pneumonia ESβL, E. coli MRSA |
25/25 12.5/25 6.25/12.5 3.13/6.25 25/50 12.5/12.5 12.5/25 12.5/25 |
|||
| Aqueous extract | Not mentioned |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus E. coli MRSA |
25/25 6.25/6.25 6.25/12.5 12.5/25 |
|||
| n-Butanol extract | Not mentioned |
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sen.) Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-res.) Enterococcus faecalis |
NT | 5 4 4 4 3.5 |
Algeria | [64] |
Abbreviations: NZ: no zone of inhibition; NA: not applicable; NT: not tested; MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration.