Table 1. Effects of various chemicals on chicken and quail sperm motility in the presence or absence of Ca2+ in vitro at 40°C.
| Chemicals | Effects | Chicken | Japanese quail | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −Ca2+ | +Ca2+ | −Ca2+ | +Ca2+ | |||
| EGTA | Ca2++ chelator | − | + | +* | +* | Ashizawa et al., 1994b |
| BAPTA-AM | Intracellular Ca2++ chelator | − | − | +* | +* | Ashizawa et al., 1994b |
| PD 150606 | Ca2++-dependent calpain inhibitor | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 2006 |
| Y-27632 | Ca2++-dependent Rho-kinase inhibitor | − | + | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 2006 |
| W-7 | Calmodulin antagonist | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994b |
| W-5 | Calmodulin antagonist | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994b |
| Trifluoperazine | Calmodulin antagonist | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994b |
| Calyculin A | PP1 and PP2A inhibitor | + | + | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994d |
| Okadaic acid | PP1 and PP2A inhibitor | + | + | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994d |
| LY294002 | PI3-kinase inhibitor | − | − | N.D. | + | Ashizawa et al., 2009 |
| Matsuzaki et al., 2017 | ||||||
| 1L-6-Hydroxymethyl-chiro-inositol 2-(R)-2-O-methyl-3-O-octadecylcarbonate) | Akt inhibitor | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 2009 |
| H89 | PKA inhibitor | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | + | Matsuzaki et al., 2017 |
| SC-9 | PKC activator | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994a |
| OAG | PKC activator | − | − | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994a |
| H-7 | PKC inhibitor | + | + | N.D. | N.D. | Ashizawa et al., 1994a |
| Bis II | PKC inhibitor | N.D. | N.D. | − | − | Matsuzaki et al., 2017 |
−: immotile, +: motile, N.D.: not determined, *: author's unpublished data