TABLE 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristic | Normotensive NT (n = 181) | Hypertensive treated (n = 115) Controlled HTC uncontrolled HTU (n = 46) (n = 63) |
Hypertensive untreated HU (n = 233) |
P-value | |
| Female | 94 [51.93%] | 18 [39.13%] | 26 [41.26%] | 126 [54.07%] | / |
| Age (y) | 70.54 ± 0.27 | 70.54 ± 0.231 | 70.51 ± 0.266 | 70.53 ± 0.245 | / |
| Education (elementary school) | 170 [93.92%] | 41 [89.13%] | 52 [82.53%] | 209 [89.69%] | NT vs. HTU (p = 0.01383) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 124.34 ± 8.63 | 125.56 ± 8.13 | 152.03 ± 14.52 | 152.34 ± 14.68 |
NT vs. HTU (p = 2.2e-16). NT vs. HU (p = 2.2e-16). HTC vs. HTU (p = 2.2e-16). HTC vs. HU (p = 2.2e-16). |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.01 ± 6.99 | 74.54 ± 5.91 | 84.28 ± 10.52 | 83.467 ± 8.019 |
NT vs. HTU (p = 7.34e-16). NT vs. HU (p = 2.2e-16). HTC vs. HTU (p = 3.82e-16). HTC vs. HU (p = 2.31e-16), |
| Hypertension DD (y) | 0 | 13.85 ± 10.57 | 11.66 ± 10.37 | NA | / |
| APOE-ε4 status | / | ||||
| One allele | 55 [30.38%] | 16 [34.78%] | 13 [20.63%] | 71 [30.47%] | / |
| Two alleles | 2 [1.10%] | 2 [4.34%] | 6 [9.52%] | 6 [2.57%] |
NT vs. HTU (p = 4.36e-4). HTU vs. HU (p = 0.023) |
| Vascular risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes | 18 [9.94%] | 6 [13.04%] | 14 [22.22%] | 27 [11.58%] | NT vs. HTU (p = 0.023). HTU vs. HU (p = 0.050). |
| Current smoking | 18 [9.94%] | 5 [10.86%] | 2 [3.17%] | 12 [5.15%] | / |
| Alcohol risk consumption (grams per week) | 93.41 ± 92.31 | 104.39 ± 100.48 | 72.85 ± 69.71 | 87.82 ± 96.16 | / |
| BMI (km/m2) | 24.84 ± 3.87 | 26.74 ± 3.26 | 28.17 ± 4.75 | 26.01 ± 4.20 |
NT vs. HTC (p = 3.92e-5). NT vs. HTU (p = 4.42e-07). NT vs. HU (p = 2.94e-4). HTU vs. HU (p = 1.02e-4). |
| Medical conditions | |||||
| Ischemic heart diseases | 19 [10.49%] | 7 [15.21%] | 9 [14.28%] | 14 [6.00%] | / |
| Heart failure | 2 [1.10%] | 2 [4.34%] | 2 [3.17%] | 2 [0.85%] | / |
| Atrial fibrillation | 14 [7.73%] | 7 [15.21%] | 3 [4.76%] | 13 [5.57%] | HTU vs. HU (p = 0.030) |
| Stroke | |||||
| Lipid profile | |||||
| Tot cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.57 ± 1.18 | 4.99 ± 1.25 | 5.23 ± 1.05 | 5.68 ± 1.20 |
NT vs. HTC (p = 3.70e-4). NT vs. HTU (p = 0.035). HTC vs. HTU (p = 7.50e-5). HTU vs. HU (p = 6.840e-4). |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.53 ± 1.06 | 3.16 ± 1.05 | 3.27 ± 0.92 | 3.63 ± 1.04 | NT vs. HTC (p = 0.039). HTC vs. HU (p = 8.39e-4). HTU vs. HU (p = 0.015). |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.74 ± 0.55 | 1.50 ± 0.43 | 1.51 ± 0.40 | 1.76 ± 0.52 |
NT vs. HTC (p = 6.89e-4). NT vs. HTU (p = 3.38e-4). HTC vs. HTU (p = 1.80e-4). HTU vs. HU (p = 3.01e-5). |
| Anti-cholesterol medication, number, and (%) | 33 (18.2%) | 20 (43.5%) | 34 (53.96%) | 39 (16.7%) |
NT vs. HTC (p = 6.28e-4). NT vs. HTU (p = 1.097e-7). HTC vs. HU (p = 1.129e-4). HTU vs. HU (p = 3.265e-09). |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations or number [proportion%]. y, years; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DD, disease duration; APOE-ε4, apolipoprotein ε4 allele; Tot, total; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. Ischemic heart diseases are defined by either myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. Information about diabetes was ascertained based on self-report medical history, use of hypoglycemic medications (diet, oral hypoglycemic agents, or insulin), or fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or non-fasting blood glucose (noFBG) ≥ 11 mmol/L as suggested by the American Diabetes Association’s (American Diabetes Association, 2019). Only results with uncorrected p < 0.05 are shown. Significant results after FDR are in bold. Adjusted threshold with FDR are p = 0.008 for education, APOE-ε4, diabetes and atrial fibrillation, p = 0.033 for SBP, DBP, BMI, and HDL cholesterol, p = 0.016 for LDL cholesterol and p = 0.025 for total cholesterol.