Table 1 |.
CAF subpopulations identified in indicated cancer types
| Tumour type | Sample type | CAF subpopulation | Biomarkers or characteristics of CAF subpopulation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic cancer14–18,56,59,75 | Patient samples; KPC, KIC and KPfloxC mouse tumours | Myofibroblast (myCAF) | αSMA, THY1, TAGLN, CTGF, IGFBP3, COL12A1, THBS2 and LRRC15 |
| Inflammatory CAF (iCAF) | CLEC3B, COL14A1 and LY6C | ||
| Antigen-presenting CAF | CD74, SLPI, SAA3, MHCII and FSP1 | ||
| Colorectal cancer19,20 | Patient samples | CAF-A (FAP-CAF) | FAP, MMP2 and DCN |
| CAF-B (αSMA-CAF) | αSMA, TAGLN and PDGFA | ||
| Head and neck cancer21 | Patient samples | Myofibroblast | αSMA, MYLK and MYL9 |
| CAF1 | FAP, PDPN, COL1A2, THY1, VIM, CAV1 and MMP11 | ||
| CAF2 | FAP, PDPN, FOS, JUN, FGF7 and TGFB2 | ||
| Lung cancer26 | Patient samples | Cluster-1 | Expression of ECM-related genes |
| Cluster-2 (myofibroblast) | αSMA | ||
| Cluster-4 | Enriched at the leading edge of tumours | ||
| Cluster-5 | High mTOR gene signature; enriched in the tumour core | ||
| Cluster-7 | High mTOR signature; enriched at the leading edge of tumours | ||
| Melanoma27 | B16-F10 mouse tumours | S1 | Immune CAFs; CD34 |
| S2 | Desmoplastic CAFs; TNC | ||
| S3 | Contractile CAFs; αSMA | ||
| Breast cancer and ovarian cancer24,25,65,66 | Patient samples | CAF-S1 | FAP-high,αSMA-high; contains 8 subclusters of CAFs; enriched in TNBC |
| CAF-S2 | Low expression of most detected markers; enriched in luminal A tumours | ||
| CAF-S3 | αSMA-low, FSP1+ and PDGFRβ+ | ||
| CAF-S4 | CD29-high,αSMA-high and FAP-low; enriched in TNBC | ||
| Breast cancer57 | Patient samples | iCAF | CXCL12 |
| myCAF | ACTA2, FAP, PDPN, COL1A1 and COL1A2 | ||
| Breast cancer22 | MMTV-PyMT mouse tumours | Vascular CAF | αSMA and PDGFRβ |
| Matrix CAF | Fibulin 1 and PDGFRα | ||
| Cycling CAF | PDGFRβ | ||
| Developmental CAF (dCAF) | SCRG1andSOX9 | ||
| Breast cancer23 | 4T1 mouse tumours | PDPN-CAF | Contains 6 subclusters: immune reg E (CXCL12), immune reg L (SAA3), ECM (fibrillin 1), wound healing (αSMA), inflammatory A (CXCL1) and inflammatory B (IL-6) |
| S100A4-CAF | Includes 2 subclusters: protein folding (HSPD1) and antigen presenting (SPP1) | ||
| Bladder cancer28 | Patient samples | myo-CAF | RGS5, MYL9 and MYH11 |
| iCAF | PDGFRα, CXCL12, IL-6, CXCL14, CXCL1 and CXCL2 | ||
| Prostate cancer53 | Patient samples | CAF-S1 | αSMA and PDGFRβ |
| CAF-S2 | PDGFRα, CREB3L1 and PLAGL1 | ||
| CAF-S3 | αSMA, HOXB2 and MAFB | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma54 | Patient samples; KRAS/p19 and YaP/AKT mouse tumours | myCAF | COL1A1, αSMA, COL8A1, COL15A1 and SERPINF1 |
| iCAF | CXCL12, HGF and RGS5 | ||
| mesCAF | Mesothelin |
αSMA, α-smooth muscle actin; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; ECM, extracellular matrix; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer.