Table 11.
Theoretical challenges of MCDM
| Studies | Layer | Challenges of MCDM theory | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight theories | Ranking theories | Ambiguous and vagueness | |||||||||
| Subjects + Hybrid | Objectives | Normalisation | Aggregation | External criteria weighting | Reverse ranking | ||||||
| Unnatural comparison | Inconsistency | Time consumption in a pairwise comparison | Global weight (aggregating the weights) | Dynamic change | |||||||
| Pamučar et al. (2020) | Evaluation | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ |
| Samanıloğlu and Kaya (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Ocampo and Yamagishi (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Sarwar and Imran (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Wu and Xu (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Yang et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | |
| Mahanta and Panda (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Sayan et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Mohammed et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Abdel-Basst et al. (2020b) | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Albahri et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Garg et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | |
| Yang et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | |
| Shirazi et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Naeem et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Ortiz–Barrios et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Wan et al. (2021) | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Manupati et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Zhang et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | |
| Bharsakade et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Mishra et al. (2019) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Baz et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Ashraf and Abdullah (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | |
| Jain et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ghorui (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Grida et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Jamshidiantehrani et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Sharma et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | |
| Khurana et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ghosh et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Moslem et al. (2020) | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Shah et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Lam et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Duan et al. (2021) | – | – | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Yao (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Altuntas and Gok (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ecer and Pamucar (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Althaf and Babbitt (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Chauhan et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Mardani et al. (2020) | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Gong et al. (2021) | – | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Requia et al. (2019) | Development | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ashraf et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Ahmad et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Nardo et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Abdulsalam and Hossain (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Albahri et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Albahri and Hamid (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Albahri (2020) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Alsalem et al. (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Mohammed (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Hezam et al. (2020) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Zidan (2021) | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | |
| Zaidan (2021a) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Zaidan (2021b) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ | |
| Percentages % | 1.81 | 7.27 | 7.27 | 1.81 | 1.81 | 1.81 | 12.72 | 1.81 | 3.63 | 69.09 | |
(✓) = Including
(–) = Not including