Extended Data Fig. 5. CoVac-1-induced CD4+ T cell responses in human COVID-19 convalescents and study participants.
(a–c) Frequencies of CoVac-1‐specific CD4+ T cells in (a) human convalescent samples (HCs) after SARS-CoV-2 infection analyzed ex vivo (n = 19) and (b) after 12-day in vitro expansion (n = 9), and (c) in study participants of part I (n = 11) and part II (n = 24) after 12-day in vitro expansion of PBMCs collected prior to vaccination (day 1) or on day 28 following vaccine administration. Functionality of CD4+ T cells was assessed for upregulation of the degranulation marker CD107a and production of the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (IFNγ, TNF, and IL 2). (a–c) Box plots or combined box-line plots display median with 25th or 75th percentiles, and min/max whiskers, two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test, n.a., not applicable; no, number; pos, positive.