Table 6.
Physicochemical parameters of breast and leg muscles from broiler chicken
| Parameter1 | Group1 | SEM | Significance | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 10 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| Breast muscles | |||||||
| pH15 | 6.63a | 6.68a | 6.34b | 6.47ab | 6.62a | 0.03 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.22 | ± 0.19 | ± 0.17 | ± 0.17 | ± 0.20 | |||
| pH24 | 6.11 | 6.01 | 6.00 | 6.12 | 6.06 | 0.03 | NS |
| ± 0.11 | ± 0.21 | ± 0.16 | ± 0.19 | ± 0.29 | |||
| Colour2 | |||||||
| L* | 52.39 | 53.92 | 54.85 | 54.15 | 56.59 | 0.81 | NS |
| ± 4.75 | ± 6.92 | ± 4.19 | ± 5.43 | ± 7.08 | |||
| a* | 2.21 | 3.07 | 2.53 | 3.10 | 2.57 | 0.20 | NS |
| ± 0.93 | ± 1.30 | ± 1.57 | ± 1.84 | ± 1.38 | |||
| b* | 5.90ab | 6.43a | 3.94b | 4.37ab | 4.79ab | 0.25 | < 0.05 |
| ± 1.51 | ± 1.84 | ± 1.77 | ± 1.49 | ± 1.27 | |||
| Water-holding capacity (%) | 20.71b | 29.82a | 35.44a | 30.21a | 33.92a | 0.91 | < 0.05 |
| ± 5.36 | ± 2.23 | ± 2.18 | ± 4.45 | ± 4.70 | |||
| Drip loss (%) | 0.83 | 0.88 | 1.51 | 1.49 | 1.17 | 0.09 | NS |
| ± 0.37 | ± 0.36 | ± 0.88 | ± 0.78 | ± 0.42 | |||
| Protein (%) | 23.37a | 22.67b | 22.67b | 21.65c | 20.92d | 0.12 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.10 | ± 0.08 | ± 0.09 | ± 0.04 | ± 0.04 | |||
| Collagen (%) | 0.71c | 0.84bc | 0.81bc | 1.00a | 0.97ab | 0.02 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.18 | ± 0.10 | ± 0.12 | ± 0.06 | ± 0.07 | |||
| Salt (%) | 0.20c | 0.18c | 0.27b | 0.38a | 0.26b | 0.01 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.05 | ± 0.03 | ± 0.06 | ± 0.05 | ± 0.03 | |||
| Intramuscular fat (%) | 2.53d | 3.13b | 2.83c | 2.55d | 3.40a | 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.05 | ± 0.05 | ± 0.03 | ± 0.02 | ± 0.01 | |||
| Water (%) | 73.78e | 73.90d | 74.38c | 75.45a | 75.07b | 0.09 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.08 | ± 0.07 | ± 0.06 | ± 0.03 | ± 0.07 | |||
| Leg muscles | |||||||
| Colour | |||||||
| L* | 49.06 | 50.39 | 51.80 | 47.74 | 51.04 | 0.61 | NS |
| ± 3.15 | ± 4.02 | ± 3.39 | ± 4.05 | ± 6.08 | |||
| a* | 2.52b | 3.62ab | 4.02ab | 4.96a | 3.28ab | 0.21 | < 0.05 |
| ± 1.04 | ± 1.01 | ± 1.09 | ± 1.36 | ± 1.87 | |||
| b* | 5.01 | 4.48 | 3.89 | 3.50 | 3.55 | 0.24 | NS |
| ± 1.86 | ± 1.39 | ± 1.78 | ± 1.10 | ± 1.26 | |||
| Water-holding capacity (%) | 38.61a | 33.48ab | 28.52b | 37.41ab | 36.69a | 0.95 | < 0.05 |
| ± 6.03 | ± 1.27 | ± 9.09 | ± 2.61 | ± 6.62 | |||
| Protein (%) | 19.08bc | 19.46a | 18.98bcd | 18.93d | 19.07bc | 0.03 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.05 | ± 0.06 | ± 0.13 | ± 0.02 | ± 0.06 | |||
| Collagen (%) | 1.18 | 1.05 | 1.31 | 1.28 | 1.07 | 0.03 | NS |
| ± 0.07 | ± 0.41 | ± 0.08 | ± 0.06 | ± 0.04 | |||
| Salt (%) | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.01 | NS |
| ± 0.05 | ± 0.08 | ± 0.07 | ± 0.03 | ± 0.07 | |||
| Intramuscular fat (%) | 8.49a | 7.11c | 7.99b | 6.97c | 5.93d | 0.13 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.44 | ± 0.04 | ± 0.07 | ± 0.04 | ± 0.02 | |||
| Water (%) | 71.38e | 72.56c | 72.15d | 73.14b | 74.17a | 0.13 | < 0.05 |
| ± 0.05 | ± 0.11 | ± 0.08 | ± 0.09 | ± 0.11 | |||
a,b…, means in the same line with no common superscript differ between groups (p < 0.05); NS, no significance; ± SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of the mean for all data; 1, 1, no addition of aluminosilicates to feed or litter; 2, 0.800 kg/m2 of halloysite in litter; 3, 0.400 kg/m2 of halloysite and 0.400 kg/m2 of zeolite in litter; 4, 0.800 kg/m2 of zeolite in litter; 5, 0.200 kg/m2 of halloysite and 0.600 kg/m2 of zeolite in litter; groups 2–5, addition of halloysite and zeolite to feed (proportion 25:75; starter, 0.5%; grower 1, 1%; grower 2, 1.5%; finisher, 2%); 2, L*, lightness; a*, redness; b*, yellowness