Table 2.
Hair element concentrations (µg/g) in clinically healthy dogs (N=50)
| Element concentrations from literature (So et al. 2016) | Group | n | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ca 588.00± 307.85 (mean ±SD) |
All dogs | 48 | 508.75 | 383.52 | 100 | 1950 |
| Raw | 19 | 327.37 | 219.67 | 130 | 790 | |
| Dry | 19 | 586.84 | 361.30 | 100 | 1310 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 730.00 | 560.40 | 260 | 1950 | |
|
Mg 124.00± 66.53 |
All dogs | 50 | 155.60 | 126.24 | 30 | 590 |
| Raw | 21 | 135.71 | 158.13 | 30 | 590 | |
| Dry | 19 | 158.42 | 88.71 | 30 | 330 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 197.78 | 119.56 | 80 | 460 | |
|
P 260.00± 37.71 |
All dogs | 50 | 311.80 | 61.90 | 210 | 490 |
| Raw | 21 | 306.19 | 75.73 | 210 | 490 | |
| Dry | 19 | 314.74 | 38.35 | 260 | 410 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 318.89 | 75.24 | 230 | 420 | |
|
Na 2854.00± 859.25 |
All dogs | 49 | 1793.88 | 1127.90 | 110 | 5130 |
| Raw | 20 | 1609.50 | 982.52 | 110 | 3570 | |
| Dry | 19 | 1911.05 | 1232.45 | 680 | 5130 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 1838.89 | 1289.69 | 240 | 3790 | |
|
K 142.00± 76.85 |
All dogs | 48 | 167.71 | 110.50 | 40 | 560 |
| Raw | 20 | 164.50 | 132.25 | 40 | 560 | |
| Dry | 19 | 162.11 | 97.62 | 60 | 490 | |
| Mixed | 8 | 187.50 | 97.06 | 40 | 340 | |
|
Fe 16.20± 4.94 |
All dogs | 48 | 33.48 | 17.50 | 13 | 98 |
| Raw | 20 | 31.20 | 15.02 | 13 | 66 | |
| Dry | 19 | 31.90 | 17.22 | 13 | 69 | |
| Mixed | 8 | 42.00 | 23.87 | 27 | 98 | |
|
Cu 8.80± 1.03 |
All dogs | 50 | 8.34 | 1.35 | 6 | 13 |
| Raw | 21 | 8.76 | 1.61 | 6 | 13 | |
| Dry | 19 | 7.95 | 0.91 | 7 | 10 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 8.33 | 1.32 | 6 | 10 | |
|
Mn 0.39± 0.17 |
All dogs | 47 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 2.31 |
| Raw | 20 | 0.72 | 0.47 | 0.17 | 1.72 | |
| Dry | 19 | 0.58 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 1.37 | |
| Mixed | 7 | 0.90 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 2.31 | |
|
Zn 136.00± 8.43 |
All dogs | 50 | 135.60 | 15.54 | 100 | 170 |
| Raw | 21 | 142.38 | 16.40 | 110 | 170 | |
| Dry | 19 | 131.58 | 12.14 | 110 | 160 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 130.00 | 15.81 | 100 | 150 | |
|
Se 1.01± 0.19 |
All dogs | 50 | 0.53 | 0.24 | 0.10 | 1.33 |
| Raw | 21 | 0.63 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 1.33 | |
| Dry | 19 | 0.45 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.95 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 0.45 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.74 | |
|
Cr 1.07± 0.20 |
All dogs | 49 | 0.88 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 1.73 |
| Raw | 20 | 0.87 | 0.27 | 0.42 | 1.53 | |
| Dry | 19 | 0.87 | 0.18 | 0.53 | 1.19 | |
| Mixed | 9 | 0.93 | 0.33 | 0.61 | 1.73 | |
|
Pb 0.06± 0.05 |
All dogs | 49 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.30 |
| Raw | 21 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.23 | |
| Dry | 19 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.30 | |
| Mixed | 8 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.21 | |
|
Hg 0.08± 0.03 |
All dogs | 48 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| Raw | 21 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.21 | |
| Dry | 18 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.14 | |
| Mixed | 8 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.14 | |
|
Cda 0.020± 0.000 |
All dogs | 46 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Raw | 20 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Dry | 17 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Mixed | 8 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
|
As 0.09± 0.07 |
All dogs | 46 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
| Raw | 21 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.09 | |
| Dry | 17 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.08 | |
| Mixed | 7 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | |
|
Al 4.82± 3.27 |
All dogs | 48 | 21.42 | 12.93 | 6.70 | 63.30 |
| Raw | 21 | 21.56 | 12.02 | 6.70 | 50.60 | |
| Dry | 19 | 21.59 | 15.99 | 6.70 | 63.30 | |
| Mixed | 7 | 21.36 | 7.53 | 15.00 | 35.70 | |
|
Ni 0.10± 0.07 |
All dogs | 47 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.90 |
| Raw | 19 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.90 | |
| Dry | 19 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.47 | |
| Mixed | 8 | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.57 |
Concentrations from literature (So et al. 2016) are reported under the chemical symbol
Extreme outliers excluded; n, number of dogs included for each element; mean, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation
aAll dogs showed the lowest value reported by the laboratory analysis results (0.01 µg/g)