Table 1.
Characteristics of the study included
| Author Year | Type of RCT | Country | Smoker | Setting | Private sponsor | Antibiotics | Buccal wall | Subject | Healing 1°/2° | Test filler | Control filler | Test sealing | Control sealing | Outcome variables | Measuring technique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qualitative synthesis | |||||||||||||||
| Wongpairojpanich 2020 | Parallel | Thailand | Light smoker | University | No | NR | Intact | 30 | 2° | AP | AP | Non-resorbable | Non-resorbable | HWch | CBCT and digital tool (direct scanning, STL files with CBCT |
| Thoma 2020 | Parallel | Switzerland | Heavy smoker | Private Practice | Yes | A = yes B = yes C = no | More than 50% | 36 | 2 | A = XG B = XG | SH | A = NonCross CM B = NO | NO | KM thickness, CCh | Analogic caliper, master cast digital tool (STL files) |
| Sapata 2019 | Parallel | Brazil | Light smoker | University | Yes | NR | Intact | 82 | 2° | XG | XG | NonCross CM | NonCross CM | KM thickness, CCh, HWch | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Fischer 2018 | Parallel | Germany | Light smoker | University | No | No | Intact and missing | 40 | T1 = 1° T2 = 2° T3 = 1° T4 = 2° | XG | SH | T1 = PG T3 = collagen membrane | T2 = NO T4 = NO | CCh | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Schnutenhaus 2018 | Parallel | Germany | Light smoker | University | Yes | No | More than 50% | 60 | 2° | SH | SH | Collagen membrane | NO | CCh | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Tomasi 2018 | Split-mouth | Italy | Heavy smoker | NR | Yes | No | Intact | 27 | 2° | XG | SH | NonCross CM | NonCross CM | CCh, VBH, VPH, HWch | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Fickl 2017 | Parallel | Germany | Light smoker | University | Yes | No | Intact and missing | 40 | 2° | XG | SH | A = PG B = NO C = Cross CM | NO | VBH | Master cast |
| Zadeh 2016 | Split-mouth | Saudi Arabia | Heavy smoker | University | Yes | NR | A, B = intact C, B = missing | 36 | 2° | C = XG E = XG | A = SH B = SH D = SH |
Group B: non-resorbable device Group C: non-resorbable device Group E: non-resorbable device |
Group A:NO Group D:NO | CCh | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Flugge 2015 | Split-mouth | Germany | Non-smoker | University | Yes | NR | Intact | 38 | 2° | XG | SH | NO | NO | CCh, VBH | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Engler-Hamm 2011 | Split-mouth | USA | Non-smoker | University | Yes | Yes | Intact | 11 | C group = 1° T group = 2° | AG + XG | AG + XG | PLA/PTMC | PLA/PTMC | KM thickness, VBH | Probe and stent |
| Kesteren 2010 | Parallel | USA | Light smoker | NR | Yes | NR | Intact | 28 | 1° | AG | SH | collagen membrane | NO | VBH | Probe and master cast and photo |
| Quantitative analysis | |||||||||||||||
| Vance 2004 | Parallel | USA | NR | NR | Yes | Yes | NR | 24 | 2° | AP + AG | XG | CaS barrier | NonCross CM | KM thickness | Ultrasonic gingival meter, stent and photo |
| Iasella 2003 | Parallel | USA | YES | NR | NR | Yes | NR | 24 | 2° | AG | SH | Cross CM | NO | KM thickness | Ultrasonic gingival meter, stent and photo |
| Ovcharenko 2020 | Parallel | USA | NR | University | Yes | NR | Intact | 20 | 2° | AG + XG | AG + XG | NonCross CM | PLA membrane | KM thickness, CCh, HWch | Probe and stent |
| Clementini 2020 | Parallel | Italy | Light smoker | University | Yes | Yes | Intact | 30 | 2° | XG | SH | NonCross CM | NO | KM thickness, VBH, CCh | Probe and master cast, digital tool (STL files with CBCT) |
| Song 2020 | Parallel | Seoul | Heavy smoker | University | Yes | Yes | Intact | 40 | 2° | XG | SH | NonCross CM | NO | KM thickness, VBH | CBCT and digital tool (direct scanning, STL files with CBCT) |
| Hong 2018 | Parallel | USA | YES | University | Yes | Yes | Intact | 30 | Control = 1° Test = 2° | AG | AG | Cross CM | NonCross CM | KM thickness, VBH | Probe |
| Natto 2017 | Parallel | USA | Light smoker | University | No | Yes | Intact | 28 | 2° | AG | AG | NonCross CM | Collagen sponge | KM thickness, VBH | Probe and stent |
| Festa 2013 | Split-mouth | Italy | Non-smoker | University | No | Yes | Intact | 15 | 2° | XG | SH | cortical porcine laminae | NO | VBH | Probe |
| Barone 2012 | Parallel | Italy | Light smoker | University and Private Practice | Yes | No | Intact | 58 | C group = 1° T group = 2° | XG | SH | NonCross CM | NO | VBH | Probe |
| Schneider 2014 | Parallel | Switzerland | Heavy smoker | University | Yes | Yes | Intact | 40 | 2° | A = AP; B = XG; C = XG | SH | A = PLGA membrane B = NonCross CM C = PG | D = NO | CCh, HWch | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
| Thalmair 2013 | Parallel | Germany | Light smoker | Private Practice | Yes | No | Intact | 30 | 2° | XG | SH | A = PG B = PG C = NO | NO | CCh, HWch | Master cast and digital tool (STL files) |
SH spontaneous healing; AU autogenous bone graft; XG xenograft; AG allograft; AP alloplastic; NR not reported; CMC carboxymethyl cellulose; NonCross CM non-crosslinked collagen membrane; Cross CM crosslinked collagen membrane; PG autogenous soft tissue punch graft; ADMG acellular dermal matrix graft; PLA polylactic acid; PLGA poly(glycolide-co-lactide) copolymer; PLA/PTMC polylactic acid/polytrimethylene carbonate; HWch horizontal width change; CCh contour change; VBH vertical buccal height; KMT keratinized mucosa thickness