Table 2.

Spearman correlation coefficients (R²) and significance (p-value) of mantel tests between Bacteria community structure (Bray–Curtis distance) and SCFAs (acetic, propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, iso-valeric, 2-methyl-butyric, valeric, hexanoic) or mucosal functional parameters (PCNA, CD68, DClK1, Apoptosis, MUC2).

		SCFAs Level	Functional parameters
Only T1 samples
Mucosa	Functional parameters	R2 = 0.24
		p = 0.09
	Microbiota	R2 = 0.07	R2 = 0.32
		p = 0.33	p = 0.03
Faeces	Functional parameters	R2 = 0.12
		p = 0.28
	Microbiota	R2 = 0.13	R2 = 0.27
		p = 0.23	p = 0.06
Only T11 sample
Mucosa	Functional parameters	R2 = 0.12
		p = 0.30
	Microbiota	R2 = − 0.07	R2 = − 0.25
		p = 0.53	p = 0.90
Faeces	Functional parameters	R2 = 0.12
		p = 0.29
	Microbiota	R2 = 0.12	R2 = 0.37
		p = 0.32	p = 0.03

Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.