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Scheme showing specific targeting of cancer cells by NPs, adapted with permission from (Liyanage et al., 2019). Cancer cells can be specifically targeted as they overexpress receptors such as the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) compared to healthy cells. Ligands for these receptors can be attached to NPs containing RNA, facilitating their preferential uptake and therapeutic effects in cancer cells vs. healthy cells.
