Figure 9.

Biomimetic liposomal cGAMP co-administered with a flu vaccine to protect against influenza. A) Liposomes modified with biomimetic surfactants and loaded with cGAMP are mixed with inactivated influenza virus as a mucosal vaccine. The surfactant aids adjuvant transport across the epithelium and into alveolar macrophages to induce a rapid and broad immune response against different substrains of influenza. B) Immunized animals are rapidly protected from lethal viral challenges. C) The adjuvanted vaccine promotes high numbers of CD8⁺Granzyme B⁺ (GZMB) effector T cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lungs shortly after immunization. Reproduced with permission (Wang et al., 2020b). Copyright 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science.