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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2021 Oct 30;162(2):415–430. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.036

Figure 4: Intrinsic immune cells coordinate the initiation of SPEM.

Figure 4:

Severe damage in the corpus mucosa leads to the release of IL-33 from surface mucous cells and IL-25 from tuft cells, both of which stimulate the release of IL-13 from ILC2s. IL-13 in turn is required for initiation of the reprogramming of chief cells into SPEM cells and the development of pyloric metaplasia.

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