Table 1.
The binding affinities between carotenoid-related proteins and various carotenoids determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy
| Carotenoids | Human IRBP (μM) | StARD3 (μM) | Human ApoA-I (μM) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lutein | 1.06 ± 0.20 | 0.45±0.03 | 12.14±0.11 |
| Zeaxanthin | 1.64 ± 0.50 | 2.60±0.01 | 5.62±0.34 |
| meso-Zeaxanthin | 1.85 ± 0.30 | 1.80±0.40 | 7.90±0.20 |
| β-Carotene | 0.92 ± 0.10 | 2.10±0.05 | 0.33±0.03 |
| Astaxanthin | 1.64 ± 0.06 | 1.50±0.20 | 1.52±0.01 |
Note: Data presented in this table are mean KD±SD. The smaller value of KD stands for the higher binding affinity. Each test was repeated three times.