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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Dec 9;31(2):106237. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106237

Figure 1. Non-linear associations of PENK-A with stroke risk.

Figure 1.

Incident stroke risk (line) was modeled as a restricted cubic spline term and plotted as hazard relative to the median PENK-A value. All PENK-A values are log transformed and relative hazards are plotted on a log scale. Vertical ticks on the curve represent quartile bounds shading represents 95% confidence intervals, and the lower curve lines represent PENK-A distribution. Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, race, and age-by-sex interaction. Model 3 adds geographic region of residence, annual income, education, and Framingham stroke risk factors. Model 4 adds baseline use of statins, NSAIDs, and aspirin.