Figure 2.

A) Sperm morphology determined using Papanicolaou staining: N, Normal sperm; PH, Pin head with residual body in neck, BH, Bent head, CT, Coiled tail; BT, Bent tail, AH, Amorphous head. B) Eosin-nigrosin staining: live sperms are white (unstained) sperm heads (EN+) and dead sperms are pink (or red) (EN-) C) TUNEL assay: Positive apoptosis cells are brilliant florescent green (TUNEL+) and negative apoptosis cells are pale and opaque green (TUNEL-). D) CAM3 Staining: Positive and negative CAM3 were considered luminous yellowish and without brightness perms, respectively. E) Toluidine blue (TB): Sperm cells with normal chromatin are light blue (TB-) and abnormal chromatin is dark blue (TB+). F) Aniline blue (AB) staining: Sperm head with immature and mature nuclear chromatin are intense dark blue (AB+) and light blue (AB-), respectively ( $\times$ 400 magnification).