TABLE 3.

Causal manipulations of oscillations or synchrony and their effect on WM.

Studies are grouped according to whether they include one or multiple areas, then by the area(s) being manipulated (Area). The method of manipulation is specified (Method), along with the effect on WM, and relevant citations (References). Coloring indicates whether the manipulation impacted behavior on a WM task (performance, RT, or training time); rows in orange showed improved performance or RT, gray showed no effect, and blue indicates a detrimental effect on performance or RT. Performance indicates percent correct trials. PC, parietal cortex; F-T, frontotemporal; F-P, frontoparietal; P-O, parieto-occipital; tRNS, transcranial random noise stimulation.