FIGURE 6.

Induction expression of Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) in HAmCq^G8 and S-Lab strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus following permethrin treatment. The relative expression of CPR gene in Culex mosquitoes following treatment with permethrin at their respective LC₅₀ concentrations (0.005 and 10 ppm for the S-Lab and HAmCq^G8 strains, respectively) were analyzed 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the permethrin treatment. The relative levels of gene expression shown along the Y-axis represent the ratio of the gene expression in each treatment compared with that in acetone treated control mosquitoes (note that the Y-axis scales in the sub-figures varies). The experiments were repeated three times. The results are shown as the mean ± S.E. A student’s t-test was used for the statistical significance analysis. Only both a value of P ≤ 0.05 and a cut-off value of a ≥2-fold change in expression (Strode et al., 2008) was considered as a statistically significant induction expression. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01.