Table 1a.
Emerging diagnostic markers of SLE.
| Marker | Specimen | Number | Method | Sensitivity | Specificity | AUC | p-Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-collectin 11 | serum | 30/90(SLE/NSLE) | ELISA | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.806 | P<0.001 | (9) |
| Anti -(P0)-4 | serum | 50/25# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.91 | P < 0.05 | (10) |
| Anti (P0)-11 | serum | 50/25# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.90 | P < 0.05 | (10) |
| Anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 | serum | 50/25# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.93 | P < 0.05 | (10) |
| Anti U1-SnRNP 68/70 | serum | 50/25# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.91 | P < 0.05 | (10) |
| Anti HIST1H4A-IgG | serum | 153/81# | ELISA | 95% | 90% | 0.97 | p<0.001 | (11) |
| Anti-alpha-1,6-glucan | serum | 30/30# | ELISA | 93.3% | 73.3% | 0.863 | p = 0.000 | (12) |
| Anti-Tyro3 | serum | 70/70# | ELISA | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.871 | p < 0.0001 | (13) |
| ENA6 sm | serum | 30/30# | ELISA | 70% | 100% | 0.844 | P < 0.001 | (14) |
| Sm/RNP | serum | 30/30# | ELISA | 75% | 100% | 0.942 | P < 0.0005 | (14) |
| Jo-1 | serum | 30/30# | ELISA | 83% | 90% | 0.915 | P < 0.0005 | (14) |
| SCL-70 | serum | 30/30# | ELISA | 96% | 80% | 0.899 | P < 0.0005 | (14) |
| Angiostatin | urine | 100/21# | ELISA | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.93 | P<0.0001 | (15) |
| BCDF | serum | 36/24# | ELISA | 80.6% | 70.8% | 0.861 | p < 0.001 | (16) |
| C3dg | plasma | 169/170# | ELISA | 84% | 94% | 0.96 | p < 0.001 | (17) |
| C3dg/C3 | plasma | 169/170# | ELISA | 67% | 97% | 0.89 | p < 0.001 | (17) |
| Cyr61 | serum | 110/100# | ELISA | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.830 | P < 0.001 | (18) |
| FAS | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.91 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| IFI27 | blood | 61/20# | PCR | n/a/ | n/a/ | 91.08 | P < 0.01 | (20) |
| IGFBP2 | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.97 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| IgM | serum | 36/24# | ELISA | 97.2% | 87.5% | 0.902 | p < 0.001 | (16) |
| MMP-9 | serum | 36/30# | ELISA | 97.2% | n/a/ | 0.984 | P<0.001 | (21) |
| MMP10 | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.91 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| MLKL | blood | 59/30# | PCR | 81.36% | 93.3% | 0.928 | P < 0.05 | (22) |
| OPN | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 1.00 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| S100A4 | plasma | 52/43# | ELISA | 95.5% | 93.0% | 0.989 | P < 0.001 | (23) |
| S100A12 | plasma | 52/43# | ELISA | 70.5% | 83.7% | 0.807 | P < 0.001 | (23) |
| Sema3A | serum | 170/150# | ELISA | 80.6% | 77.5% | 0.876 | P<0.01 | (24) |
| suPAR | plasma | 89/29# | ELISA | 82.02% | 79.31% | 0.85 | p = 0.0001 | (25) |
| Siglec5 | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.96 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| sTNFR1 | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.99 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| sTNFRII | serum | 28/9# | Protein array | n/a/ | n/a/ | 1.00 | P < 0.01 | (19) |
| GAS5 | plasma | 163/80# | qRT-PCR | 65.03% | 93.75% | 0.819 | P = 0.003 | (26) |
| circPTPN22 | PBMCs | 49/37# | qRT-PCR | n/a/ | n/a/ | 0.918 | P < 0.001 | (27) |
| circRNA407176 | PBMCs | 122/102 # | qRT-PCR | 76.90% | 76.90% | 0.806 | P<0.001 | (28) |
#SLE vs health controls; SLE/NSLE, SLE vs rheumatoid arthritis (RA); primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) and healthy control (HC); n/a, data not available.