Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics and the level of resilience among fathers and mothers of patients with CLP (n = 248).
| Variables | Fathers (N = 69) | Mothers (N = 179) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Mean (SD) | T/F | P-value | N (%) | Mean (SD) | T/F | P-value | |
| Sex of patients | 0.220 | 0.827 | 0.732 | 0.465 | ||||
| Male | 42 (60.9) | 78.07 (12.88) | 94 (52.5) | 75.27 (13.02) | ||||
| Female | 27 (39.1) | 77.30 (16.26) | 85 (47.5) | 73.69 (15.70) | ||||
| Is the patient an only child? | 0.905 | 0.369 | −0.582 | 0.561 | ||||
| Yes | 23 (33.3) | 79.96 (10.85) | 73 (40.8) | 73.77 (15.27) | ||||
| No | 46 (66.7) | 76.67 (15.58) | 106 (59.2) | 75.04 (13.71) | ||||
| Development condition of patients | 0.596 | 0.554 | 0.160 | 0.852 | ||||
| Normal | 56 (81.2) | 78.14 (14.14) | 146 (81.6) | 74.77 (14.33) | ||||
| Slower | 10 (14.5) | 74.00 (14.41) | 27 (15.1) | 73.07 (15.25) | ||||
| Faster | 3 (4.3) | 83.33 (16.80) | 6 (3.3) | 74.83 (11.62) | ||||
| Age of fathers/mothers | 0.450 | 0.640 | 0.547 | 0.580 | ||||
| ≤ 25 | 1 (1.4) | 73.00 | 12 (6.7) | 76.08 (13.81) | ||||
| 26–45 | 59 (85.5) | 77.24 (14.44) | 143 (79.9) | 73.97 (14.400 | ||||
| >46 | 9 (13.1) | 81.78 (13.23) | 24 (13.4) | 77.04 (14.47) | ||||
| Education of fathers/mothers | 0.494 | 0.612 | 3.010 | 0.052 | ||||
| Middle school or lower | 32 (46.4) | 76.06 (12.46) | 98 (54.7) | 73.07 (15.31) | ||||
| High school or secondary school | 17 (24.6) | 78.29 (12.58) | 39 (21.8) | 73.10 (12.51) | ||||
| College or university or above | 20 (29.0) | 80.05 (17.96) | 42 (23.5) | 79.21 (12.76) | ||||
| Job status | 3.031 | 0.036 | 0.441 | 0.724 | ||||
| Regular employee | 35 (50.7) | 82.26 (9.68) | 73 (40.8) | 75.92 (14.06) | ||||
| Temporary employee | 21 (30.4) | 71.57 (18.50) | 41 (23.0) | 73.51 (14.84) | ||||
| Resigned for the child | 5 (7.2) | 72.00 (13.00) | 14 (7.8) | 72.21 (15.70) | ||||
| Unemployed | 8 (11.6) | 78.00 (13.57) | 51 (28.5) | 73.96 (14.18) | ||||
| Religious belief | 0.498 | 0.620 | −1.074 | 0.284 | ||||
| No | 63 (91.3) | 78.03 (14.48) | 157 (87.7) | 74.09 (14.59) | ||||
| Yes | 6 (8.7) | 75.00 (11.28) | 22 (12.3) | 77.59 (12.23) | ||||
| Income (RMB, yuan) | 2.705 | 0.053 | 0.539 | 0.656 | ||||
| <3,000 | 26 (37.7) | 72.58 (17.21) | 69 (38.5) | 73.81 (14.93) | ||||
| 3,000–5,000 | 26 (37.7) | 78.46 (12.46) | 75 (42.0) | 75.99 (13.75) | ||||
| 5,000–10,000 | 13 (18.8) | 84.54 (8.05) | 28 (15.6) | 73.25 (11.41) | ||||
| >10,000 | 4 (5.8) | 85.00 (5.72) | 7 (3.9) | 70.86 (24.38) | ||||
| Residence | 1.687 | 0.096 | 0.996 | 0.321 | ||||
| Urban | 26 (37.7) | 81.42 (17.17) | 68 (38.0) | 75.88 (14.30) | ||||
| Rural | 43 (62.3) | 75.56 (11.70) | 111 (62.0) | 73.68 (14.35) | ||||
| Family structure | 0.337 | 0.798 | 0.563 | 0.640 | ||||
| Single-parent family | 5 (7.3) | 80.80 (13.29) | 9 (5.0) | 71.78 (18.69) | ||||
| Two-parent family | 26 (37.7) | 77.85 (12.48) | 86 (48.0) | 74.03 (14.90) | ||||
| Extended family | 37 (53.6) | 77.65 (15.70) | 80 (44.7) | 75.66 (13.53) | ||||
| Step-family | 1 (1.4) | 65.00 | 4 (2.3) | 68.25 (5.56) | ||||
| Medical payments | 2.146 | 0.035 | −1.840 | 0.068 | ||||
| Public welfare program | 27 (39.1) | 82.22 (10.38) | 82 (45.8) | 72.39 (15.82) | ||||
| Others | 42 (60.9) | 74.90 (15.61) | 97 (54.2) | 76.32 (12.76) | ||||
| Family history | 0.567 | 0.572 | 0.222 | 0.825 | ||||
| Yes | 3 (3.3) | 82.33 (18.50) | 10 (5.6) | 75.50 (16.11) | ||||
| No | 66 (95.7) | 77.56 (14.10) | 169 (94.4) | 74.46 (14.27) | ||||
| Type of oral cleft | 1.662 | 0.198 | 0.241 | 0.786 | ||||
| Cleft lip | 11 (15.9) | 76.55 (11.40) | 42 (23.5) | 75.86 (14.40) | ||||
| Cleft palate | 28 (40.6) | 74.57 (17.84) | 49 (27.4) | 74.27 (16.71) | ||||
| Cleft lip and palate | 30 (43.5) | 81.20 (10.39) | 88 (49.1) | 74.02 (12.95) | ||||
Red represents the P-value of the variable < 0.05 and the blue P < 0.2. The colors can be removed if necessary.
N, number.