Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 27.
Published in final edited form as: Immunity. 2020 Nov 17;53(5):908–924. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.015

Figure 1. Acute HIV infection dynamics.

Figure 1.

(A) Representative dynamics of plasma viral load and peripheral CD4+ T cell counts during acute HIV infection. Individuals that develop control of HIV without ART can maintain low chronic viral setpoint and reestablish pre-infection CD4+ T cell levels (Elite or Viremic Controllers). Individuals and animals can also maintain high chronic viral setpoint but also recover CD4+ T cell counts (Long-Term Non-Progressors [LTNP], and natural hosts, respectively). (B) Representative immune responses and their timing along the course of acute HIV infection. Without structured cohorts to reliably sample before Fiebig Stage I, the earliest responses are inferred from SIV/SHIV models and limited human studies. (C) Cellular and molecular factors in AHI that contribute to disease progression or control. The progression-control spectrum has been linked to the magnitude, timing, and function of several distinct immune responses. Box colors represent different cell types or cytokine responses.