Figure 13.

Antihyperalgesic effect of YB-16 and YB-11 on formalin-induced pain. (A) YB-16 (5, 15, 45 μg) and capsaicin (5, 10 μg) reduce the spontaneous pain-like behavior in a dose-related manner (two-way ANOVA P < 0.01 main effect treatment, time, and interaction), with significant effects in the (B) first phase (all doses, all treatments) and (C) second phase (45 μg YB-16 only) of the test. (D) YB-11 (10 μg) impact on the spontaneous pain-like behavior (two-way ANOVA P < 0.01 main effect time), with significant effects in the (E) first phase but not (F) the second phase of the test. **P < 0.01 Dunnett’s multiple comparison (B, C) and t-test (E). n = 8–10, all groups. Data are shown as mean ± SEM.