Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinicopathological characteristics.
| Parameters | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Men | 777 (43.0) |
| Women | 1,031 (57.0) |
| Age | |
| <70 | 910 (50.3) |
| ≥70 | 898 (49.7) |
| Tumor location | |
| Renal pelvis | 1,229 (68.0) |
| Proximal ureter | 410 (22.7) |
| Middle ureter | 252 (13.9) |
| Distal ureter | 360 (19.9) |
| Bladder cuff | 49 (2.7) |
| Tumor size | |
| Nonvisible | 34 (1.9) |
| <1 cm | 128 (7.1) |
| ≥1 and <2 cm | 356 (19.7) |
| ≥2 and <3 cm | 396 (21.9) |
| ≥3 cm | 894 (49.4) |
| Multifocality | |
| No | 1182 (65.4) |
| Yes | 626 (34.6) |
| Cell type | |
| Urothelial carcinoma (UC) | 1,633 (90.3) |
| UC with variants | 128 (7.1) |
| Squamous | 1 (0.1) |
| Small cell | 2 (0.1) |
| Others | 44 (2.4) |
| Carcinoma in situ (CIS) | |
| No | 1,497 (82.8) |
| Yes | 311 (17.2) |
| Bladder UC | |
| No | 1,392 (77.0) |
| Previous | 124 (6.9) |
| Synchronous | 292 (16.2) |
| Tumor grading | |
| Low grade | 277 (15.3) |
| High grade | 1,531 (84.7) |
| Lymphovascular invasion | |
| No | 1,391 (76.9) |
| Yes | 417 (23.1) |
| Surgical margin | |
| Free | 1,732 (95.8) |
| Positive | 76 (4.2) |
| Preoperative hydronephrosis | |
| No | 714 (39.5) |
| Yes | 1,094 (60.5) |
| Tumor necrosis | |
| No | 1,522 (84.2) |
| Yes | 286 (15.8) |
| Pathological stage | |
| 0a/0is | 334 (18.5) |
| I | 450 (24.9) |
| II | 337 (18.6) |
| III | 531 (29.4) |
| IV | 156 (8.6) |
| Pathological T stage | |
| pTis | 26 (1.4) |
| pTa | 308 (17.0) |
| pT1 | 453 (25.1) |
| pT2 | 346 (19.1) |
| pT3 | 590 (32.6) |
| pT4 | 85 (4.7) |
| Pathological N stage | |
| pN0 | 408 (22.6) |
| pN1 | 33 (1.8) |
| pN2 | 56 (3.1) |
| pNx | 1,311 (72.5) |
| RNU techniques | |
| Open | 382 (21.1) |
| Laparoscopic hand-assisted | 768 (42.5) |
| Robot-assisted | 158 (8.7) |
| Laparoscopic | 494 (27.3) |
| LESS | 6 (0.3) |
| RNU approaches | |
| Transperitoneal | 951 (52.6) |
| Retroperitoneal | 857 (47.4) |
| Clavien-Dindo classification | |
| No | 1,093 (60.5) |
| Grade I | 236 (13.1) |
| Grade II | 365 (20.2) |
| Grade III | 50 (2.8) |
| Grade IV | 45 (2.5) |
| Grade V | 19 (1.1) |
| Postoperative complication | |
| No | 1528 (84.5) |
| Yes | 280 (15.5) |
| ESRD | 218 (12.1) |
| Ileus | 45 (2.5) |
| Ventral hernia | 33 (1.8) |
| Bladder UC following RNU | |
| No | 1,326 (73.3) |
| Yes | 482 (26.7) |
| Disease free | |
| No | 1,360 (75.2) |
| Yes | 448 (24.8) |
| UTUC-specific mortality | |
| No | 1,501 (83.0) |
| Yes | 307 (17.0) |
| Overall mortality | |
| No | 1,225 (67.8) |
| Yes | 583 (32.2) |
RNU, radical nephroureterectomy; UTUC, upper tract urothelial carcinoma.