Fig. 3.

Structures of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid, Envelope, and Membrane proteins. a Schematic representation of N protein organization. NTD N-terminal domain, CTD C-terminal domain. b Overall structures of N-NTD. c, d Overall structures of N-NTD in complex with ssRNA and dsRNA, respectively. The N-NTD is illustrated with electrostatic surface. e Overall structure of N-CTD. f Conformational changes between apo and nCoV396-bound N-NTD. The monoclonal antibody nCoV396 is illustrated with surface. The key residues of interaction between nCoV396 and N-NTD are shown on the right as sticks. g Overall structure of SARS-CoV-2 E protein shown in surface and cartoon. TMD transmembrane domain, CTD C-terminal domain, Ec18 residues 58–75 of E-CTD. h Structure of the C-terminus of E protein (Ec18) in complex with human cell junction protein PLAS1. The Ec18 is shown in yellow. i Predicted structure of M protein using alphafold 2