Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| No Sedation | Midazolam | Propofol | Dexmedetomidine | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients | 5 | 11 | 13 | 13 | |
| Age (years, Mean ± SD) | 65.8 ± 7.4 | 63.3 ± 13.5 | 61.5 ± 14.2 | 62.8 ± 11.7 | 0.94 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 0.85 |
| Female | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
| Hunt-Hess Scale | |||||
| III | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 0.76 |
| IV | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | |
| Fisher Grade | |||||
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.94 |
| 3 ~ 4 | 4 | 10 | 11 | 11 | |
| WFNS SAH grading scale | |||||
| II | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0.42 |
| III ~ V | 2 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| Glasgow Outcome Scale | |||||
| Poor (1 ~ 4) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0.98 | |
| Good (5) | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||
| RASS Before Sedation | |||||
| + 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 0.92 |
| + 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 4 | |
| + 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| RASS After Sedation | |||||
| + 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 0.81 | |
| 0 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
| -1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | ||
| Other Pharmacological Interventions | |||||
| Opioid Analgesics | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0.76 |
| Non-Opioid Analgesics | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0.76 |
| Mannitol | 2 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 0.55 |
| Hyperosmotic Saline | 2 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0.79 |
| Insulin | 3 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 0.31 |
| Antihypertensive Agents | 3 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 0.22 |
| Vasoactive Agents | 2 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 0.15 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Acute heart failure | 2 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0.79 |
| Secondary Hypopituitarism | 3 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 0.35 |
| Hypertension | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0.90 |
| History of stroke or TIA | 0 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 0.49 |