Table 1.
The study population’s information
| Variables | GDM | No GDM | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 115) | (n = 585) | ||
| Age, years | 32.64 ± 5.49 | 30.64 ± 5.17 | < 0.001 |
| Gestational age, weeks | 10.2 ± 2.05 | 10.64 ± 1.66 | 0.033 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 27.23 ± 3.93 | 24.89 ± 2.93 | < 0.001 |
| Pregnancy weight gain, kg | 10.28 ± 2.3 | 9.64 ± 1.53 | 0.005 |
| 1st trimester FBG, mg/dl | 92.01 ± 7.79 | 82.61 ± 6.46 | < 0.001 |
| 1st trimester HbA1c, % | 5.45 ± 0.39 | 4.96 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.05 ± 0.85 | 13.06 ± 0.96 | 0.938 |
| MCV, fl | 84.11 ± 4.53 | 84.40 ± 3.41 | 0.516 |
| Previous GDM | 14 (12.1) | 8 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of DM | 53 (46.1) | 122 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
| Previous macrosomia | 6 (5.2) | 5 (0.8) | 0.001 |
| Physical activity | |||
| Bed rest | 0 (0) | 4 (0.7) | 0.003 |
| Inter home activity | 73 (63.5) | 274 (46.8) | |
| Extra home activity | 42 (36.5) | 307 (52.5) | |
| PCO/Metabolic syn. | 32 (27.8) | 38 (6.4) | < 0.001 |
| Anemia | 12 (10.4) | 59 (10.1) | 0.910 |
| Birth weight, g | 3519.13 ± 301.91 | 3307.06 ± 192.46 | < 0.001 |
GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, MCV mean corpuscular volume, PCO Polycystic ovary syndrome