Table 2.
Risk of biased analysis of included studies.
| Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants | Blinding of outcome assessors | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Other bias | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Author | |||||||
| Clonazepam Systemic (oral) | Heckmann et al. 2012 | + | + | + | ? | + | − | − |
| Çinar et al. 2018 | ? | − | − | ? | + | + | ? | |
| ClonazepamTopical (rinse) | Rodriguez de Rivera-Campillo et al. 2010 | + | ? | + | + | + | + | − |
| Pregabalin | Çinar et al. 2018 | ? | − | − | ? | + | + | ? |
| GABA | Lopez-D'alessandro et al. 2011 | + | + | ? | + | + | − | + |
| Trazodone | Tammiala-Salonen et al. 1999 | + | + | + | + | ? | ? | ? |
| Citalopram | Pakfetrat et al. 2019 | ? | − | + | + | + | + | ? |
| Crocin | Pakfetrat Aet al. 2019 | ? | − | + | + | + | + | ? |
| ALA | Femiano et al. 2002 | ? | − | + | ? | + | − | ? |
| Lopez-Jornet et al. 2009 | + | + | + | + | − | − | ? | |
| Palacios-Sanchez et al. 2015 | ? | ? | + | + | − | − | − | |
| Carbone et al. 2009 | + | − | + | + | ? | ? | ? | |
| Lopez-D'alessandro et al. 2011 | + | + | ? | + | + | − | + | |
| Marino et al. 2010 | + | − | ? | ? | + | + | − | |
| Cinar et al. 2018 | ? | − | − | ? | + | + | ? | |
| ALA + Vitamin | Carbone et al. 2009 | + | − | + | + | ? | ? | ? |
| ALA + GABA | Lopez-D'alessandro et al. 2011 | + | + | ? | + | + | − | + |
| Capsaicin Topical (Rinse) | Marino et al. 2010 | + | − | ? | ? | + | + | − |
| Ultramicronised palmitoylethanolamide | Ottaviani et al. 2019 | + | − | + | ? | ? | − | + |
| Herbal catuama | Spanemberg et al. 2012 | + | + | + | + | − | + | ? |
| Hypericum perforatum | Sardella et al. 2008 | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + |
| Lycopene-enriched extra virgin oil | Cano-Carrillo et al. 2014 | + | + | + | + | ? | − | − |
| Melatonin | Varoni et al. 2018; | + | + | + | + | ? | + | ? |
| Low level laser therapy | Spanemberg et al. 2015 | ? | ? | ? | + | + | ? | ? |
| de Pedro et al. 2020 | ? | − | + | ? | + | + | ? | |
| Urea Topical (Rinse) | da Silva et al. 2014 | ? | − | + | ? | − | − | ? |
| Lysozyme lactoperoxidase Topical (Rinse) | Marino et al. 2010 | + | − | ? | ? | + | + | − |
| Transcranial magnetic stimulation | Umezaki et al. 2016 | + | ? | + | − | − | ? | ? |
| Tongue protector | Lopez-Jornet et al. 2011 | + | ? | − | − | + | + | ? |
| Cognitive therapy | Bergdahl et al. 1995 | ? | − | − | − | + | + | + |
ALA: alpha lipoic acid; GABA: gabapentin; ‘?’: unclear risk, ‘+’: low risk; ‘– ‘: high risk