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. 2022 Jan 13;8:809885. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.809885

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Copyright © 2022 Hubesch, Hanthazi, Acheampong, Chomette, Lasolle, Hupkens, Jespers, Vegh, Wembonyama, Verhoeven, Dewachter, Vachiery, Entee and Dewachter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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High-fat diet fed obesity-prone (OP) rats present all characteristics of metabolic syndrome after 12 months. (A) Experimental design. Obesity-resistant (OR) and obesity-prone (OP) rats were respectively maintained on normal standard chow or high-fat diet for 4 and 12 months and then analyzed. (B) Representative illustrative picture of high-fat diet fed obesity-prone (OP; on the right) vs. normal chow-fed obesity-resistant (OR; on the left) rats at 12 months. (C) Averaged daily calorie intake evaluated along the 4 and 12 months of the study, in high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (OP; black bars) vs. normal chow-fed obesity-resistant rats (OR; white bars). Body (D) and total abdominal fat weights (E) of high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (OP; black bars) vs. normal chow-fed obesity-resistant (OR; white bars) rats at 4 and 12 months. Glycemic response during fasting glucose tolerance test (F) and corresponding total area under the curve [AUC; (G)] in high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (OP; black bars) vs. normal chow-fed obesity-resistant (OR; white bars) rats at 4 and 12 months. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8–14 rats per group). *0.01 < p < 0.05, **0.001 < p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, high-fat diet in obesity-prone (OP) vs. normal chow in obesity-resistant (OR) rats; ^††0.001 < p < 0.01, ^†††p < 0.001, 4- vs. 12-month high-fat diet in obesity-prone (OP) vs. normal chow in obesity resistant (OR) rats. Plasma adipokine profile in high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (OP) and normal chow-fed obesity-resistant (OR) rats after 4 and 12 months. (H) Plasma leptin levels and (I) leptin-to-adiponectin level ratio in high-fat diet-fed obesity-prone (OP; black bars) vs. normal chow-fed obesity-resistant (OR; white bars) rats at 4 and 12 months. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8–14 rats per group). ***p < 0.001, high-fat diet in obesity-prone (OP) vs. normal chow in obesity-resistant (OR) rats; ^††0.001 < p < 0.01, 4- vs. 12-month high-fat diet in obesity-prone (OP) rats. Correlations between plasma leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and different characteristics of metabolic syndrome, including body weight (J) and total abdominal fat weight (K). Data of all experimental groups and both 4- and 12-month protocol duration were gathered and analyzed together using a parametric Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.