Sanitary sewers act as collectors of organisms from “indoor” microbiomes, including bacteria associated with the human body and waste, food, and pipes. Stormwater sewers collect organisms from “outdoor” microbiomes, such as soil, impervious surfaces, plants, and animal feces. Sewers serve as transporters that deliver bacteria to aquatic environments; but microbial communities are also transformed within the sewers, including death of some organisms and growth of others within the pipe.