(A to E) Six-month-old 5XFAD mice (n=5/group in two independent experiments) were orally administered with GFB-RA, the combination of gemfibrozil (8mg/Kg/day) and retinoic acid (150 IU/day). The control group received 0.5% methylcellulose as vehicle. Label color code: bottom right. After 2 months of treatment, spatial learning and memory was examined by the Barnes maze [(A), representative heat maps; (B), latency to goal box; and (C), number of errors made prior to reaching goal box] and the T maze [(D), positive turns; and (E), negative turns]. Data are mean ± SEM of five mice per group. ***P<0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.