Table 2.

Relevant literature regarding sorghum transformations and their use in research articles

References	Explant	Citationsa	Use in research article methods (References)
Electroporation
Ou-Lee et al., (1986)	Protoplasts	105	0
Battraw and Hall, (1991)	Protoplasts	36	0
Pollen sonication
Wang et al., (2007)	Pollen	17	0
Particle bombardment
Casas et al., (1993)	Immature embryos	125	5 (Casas et al., 1997; Emani et al., 2002; Jeoung et al., 2002; Grootboom et al., 2008; Kumar et al., 2011)
Casas et al., (1997)	Immature inflorescences	43	1 (Sato et al., 2004)
Able et al., (2001)	Immature embryos	43	0
Tadesse et al., (2003)	Immature embryos	49	2 (Grootboom et al., 2008; Brandão et al., 2012)
Grootbroom et al., (2010)	Immature embryos	25b	1 (Grootboom et al., 2014)
Raghuwanshi and Birch, (2010)	Immature embryos	28	0
Liu and Godwin, (2012)	Immature embryos	50	12 (Liu et al., 2013, 2015, 2019; Cardinal et al., 2016; Do et al., 2016; Belide et al., 2017; Lamont et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Schnippenkoetter et al., 2017; Vanhercke et al., 2019; Flinn et al., 2020; Silva et al., 2020)
Brandão et al., (2012)	Immature inflorescences	3b	0
Visarada et al., (2014) c	Immature embryos and shoot buds	10	1 (Visarada et al., 2016)
Belide et al., (2017)	Immature embryos	8	1 (Vanhercke et al., 2019)
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Zhao et al., (2000)	Immature embryos	125	12 (Gao et al., 2005; Howe et al., 2006; Nguyen et al., 2007; Lu et al., 2009; Silva et al., 2011; Lipkie et al., 2013; Visarada et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2014; Cho et al., 2014; Elkonin et al., 2016; Assem et al., 2017; Kuriyama et al., 2019)
Carvalho et al., (2004)	Immature embryos	76b	2 (Nguyen et al., 2007; Raghuwanshi and Birch, 2010)
Gao et al., (2005)	Immature embryos	67	3 (Gurel et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2013; Chou et al., 2020)
Howe et al., (2006)	Immature embryos	79	12 (Kumar et al., 2011; Mall et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2012; Jiang et al., 2013; Dwivedi et al., 2014; Elkonin et al., 2016; Scully et al., 2016; Peña et al., 2017a, b; Cuevas et al., 2016; Pan et al., 2018; Kempinski et al., 2019)
Nguyen et al., (2007)	Immature embryos	41	0
Gurel et al., (2009)	Immature embryos	71	4 (Singh et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2013; Hayta et al., 2019; Kuriyama et al., 2019)
Wu et al., (2014)	Immature embryos	64	7 (Cho et al., 2014; Magomere et al., 2016; Yamaguchi et al., 2016; Che et al., 2018; Kuriyama et al., 2019; Flinn et al., 2020; Aregawi et al., 2020, Preprint)
Yellisetty et al., (2015)	Shoot apical meristem - in planta	5	0
Do et al., (2016)	Immature embryos	18	3 (Mookkan et al., 2017; Do et al., 2018; Char et al., 2020)

Citation count checked on 12 November 20, based on CrossRef (source indicated when CrossRef was not available).

Citation count based on Google Scholar metrics

Tested both particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation