Table 3.

Correlations between traits related to hydraulics (white columns), tracheid traits (grey columns), pit traits (blue columns), and wood mechanical traits (green column) for 28 conifer species

Trait	Hydraulics		Tracheid traits				Pit traits							WD
	P50	Ks	Dh	TD	Tw	TSR	DPM	DT	DPA	TO	MF	VE	RPA
P50		0.11	–0.20	0.22	–0.02	–0.05	–0.13	–0.34	–0.52	0.19	0.44	0.49	0.53	0.47
Ks	–0.05		–0.18	–0.03	–0.28	0.06	0.00	–0.07	–0.11	0.09	0.13	0.18	0.11	0.02
Dh	–0.51	0.03		–0.52	0.10	–0.24	0.32	0.20	0.46	–0.37	0.003	–0.42	–0.46	–0.53
TD	0.53	–0.09	–0.75		–0.08	0.27	–0.30	–0.04	–0.17	0.23	–0.30	0.08	0.17	0.53
Tw	0.29	–0.48	–0.22	0.14		0.59	0.28	0.30	0.11	0.36	–0.16	0.31	–0.09	0.20
TSR	0.20	–0.11	–0.33	0.34	0.47		–0.13	0.06	–0.14	0.36	–0.24	0.26	0.15	0.61
DPM	–0.69	0.17	0.27	–0.29	–0.09	–0.14		0.83	0.78	0.35	–0.19	0.29	–0.77	–0.32
DT	–0.67	0.22	0.19	–0.19	–0.14	–0.03	0.96		0.85	0.55	–0.70	0.19	–0.84	–0.27
DPA	–0.80	0.14	0.38	–0.35	–0.21	–0.08	0.93	0.93		0.03	–0.50	–0.28	–0.99	–0.51
TO	0.10	0.27	–0.43	0.36	0.11	0.13	0.38	0.50	0.14		–0.51	0.83	–0.02	0.33
MF	0.56	–0.26	–0.09	0.04	0.20	–0.12	–0.78	–0.92	–0.79	–0.60		0.06	0.50	0.07
VE	0.52	0.13	–0.61	0.49	0.29	0.08	–0.09	–0.04	–0.39	0.81	–0.02		0.28	0.44
RPA	0.80	–0.14	–0.38	0.35	0.22	0.08	–0.93	–0.93	–1.00	–0.14	0.79	0.40		0.51
WD	0.52	–0.13	–0.66	0.53	0.37	0.72	–0.27	–0.18	–0.33	0.35	0.02	0.47	0.33

Pairwise Pearson correlations (below the diagonal) and phylogenetically independent contrast correlations (above the diagonal) are shown. Bold values represent significant correlations at P<0.05. For trait abbreviations, see Table 1