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. 2021 Oct 9;73(3):1033–1048. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab449

Table 4.

Differences in hydraulics and underlying traits among eight phylogenetic groups (Piceoideae, Pinoideae, Laricoideae, Abietoideae, Cupressoideae, Taxodioideae, Sequoioideae, and Taxaceae; see Fig. 4

Traits Phylogenetic test One-way ANOVA Mean value
Blomberg’s K-value P-value F7, 20 P Piceoideae Pinoideae Laricoideae Abietoideae Cupressoideae Taxodioideae Sequoioideae Taxaceae
Pit size Pit membrane diameter (DPM) (µm) 1.28 0.001 25.48 <0.001 13.37 DE 14.25 E 14.78 E 12.81 CD 9.48 A 9.93 AB 12.39 BCD 11.15 ABC
Torus diameter (DT) (µm) 1.82 0.001 34.91 <0.001 7.28 DE 7.78 E 8.03 E 6.60 CD 4.11 A 4.49 AB 5.73 BC 4.84 AB
Aperture diameter (DPA) (µm) 1.62 0.001 19.39 <0.001 4.38 CD 4.59 A 5.05 E 4.35 CD 2.69 A 3.28 ABC 4.14 BCD 2.98 AB
Pit sealing Torus overlap (TO) 0.60 0.002 3.15 0.02 0.40 AB 0.41 B 0.36 AB 0.34 AB 0.34 AB 0.27 A 0.27 A 0.38 AB
Margo flexibility (MF) 0.89 0.001 11.62 <0.001 0.45 A 0.45 A 0.46 A 0.48 A 0.57 B 0.55 AB 0.54 AB 0.57 B
Valve effect (VE) 0.56 0.001 4.78 0.003 0.18 AB 0.18 AB 0.16 A 0.16 A 0.19 AB 0.15 A 0.14 A 0.22 B
Tracheid size Hydraulic diameter (Dh) (µm) 0.42 0.07 2.37 0.06 11.73 A 12.95 A 14.46 A 12.72 A 11.97 A 12.99 A 15.40 A 11.36 A
Tracheid density (TD) (mm–2) 0.34 0.13 2.36 0.06 3.96×103 A 3.24×103 A 2.47×103 A 3.46×103 A 3.98×103 A 3.29×103 A 2.72×103 A 4.35×103 A
Mechanics Wall thickness (Tw) (µm) 0.27 0.38 0.89 0.53 2.68 A 2.53 A 2.36 A 2.50 A 2.57 A 2.64 A 2.63 A 2.97 A
Thickness to span ratio (TSR) 0.43 0.02 3.26 0.02 0.69 B 0.32 A 0.48 AB 0.46 AB 0.44 AB 0.47 AB 0.31 AB 0.61 AB
Wood density (WD) (g cm–3) 0.62 0.002 3.23 0.02 0.59 B 0.49 AB 0.50 AB 0.54 AB 0.55 AB 0.51 AB 0.46 AB 0.60 B
Pit aperture resistance (RPA) (MPa s m–3) 1.04 0.001 18.57 <0.001 3.06×108 BC 2.66×108 AB 1.97×108 A 3.12×108 BC 1.35×109 E 7.27×108 CDE 3.57×108 BCD 1.00×109 DE
Hydraulics Embolism resistance (|P50|) (MPa) 0.53 0.03 13.69 <0.001 4.11 BC 3.09 A 3.35 AB 3.81 AB 6.44 D 4.04 ABC 3.30 AB 5.67 CD
Maximum specific hydraulic 0.49 0.04 3.67 0.01 0.28 A 0.31 A 0.58 B 0.31 A 0.34 AB 0.27 A 0.20 A 0.24 A
conductivity (Ks) (kg m–1 s–1 MPa–1)

Phylogenetic test for traits and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s (HSD) post-hoc test. Groups that are significantly different (P<0.05) are indicated with different letters. Bold represents significant values.