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. 2022 Jan 13;8:775223. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.775223

Table 4.

Effect of dietary LST powder supplementation on blood metabolites and mineral profile of broiler chickens (n = 10).

Item1 Treatment2 SEM4 P -value3
LST0 LST1 LST2 LST4 ANOVA Linear Quadratic
Blood metabolites
ALT, U/L 2 2.1 2.1 2 0.08 0.946 1 0.548
AST, U/L 212.2 216.1 222 206.2 3.13 0.348 0.667 0.123
Total protein, g/L 37.83 39.22 38.27 39.28 0.64 0.831 0.569 0.887
Albumin, g/L 15.23 15.9 15.67 16.11 0.20 0.448 0.183 0.773
DBIL, μmol/L 3.76 3.63 3.79 3.79 0.05 0.583 0.556 0.494
TBIL, μmol/L 22.87a 14.68b 22.69a 21.97a 0.71 <0.01 0.221 <0.01
Urea, mmol/L 0.85 0.90 0.82 0.85 0.02 0.357 0.529 0.768
Uric Acid, μmol/L 106 114.9 105.3 112.8 6.15 0.933 0.851 0.956
Triglyceride, mmol/L 0.65a 0.467b 0.523b 0.512b 0.02 0.006 0.032 0.021
Cholesterol, mmol/L 4.20 4.37 4.36 4.13 0.08 0.64 0.776 0.211
HDL_C, mmol/L 1.42b 1.66a 1.6a 1.625a 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.002
LDL_C, mmol/L 1.60a 0.84d 1.42b 1.13c 0.06 <0.01 0.005 <0.01
Glucose, mmol/L 10.56 10.31 10.11 10.47 0.18 0.837 0.779 0.421
RF, IU/mL 3.45 3.42 3.79 3.55 0.09 0.448 0.401 0.555
Mineral profile
Calcium, mmol/L 7.07d 7.80a 7.38c 7.61b 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Iron, μmol/L 15.91c 17.9b 18.88ab 19.63a 0.35 <0.01 <0.01 0.268
Magnesium, mmol/L 0.87b 0.85b 0.91b 0.98a 0.01 0.003 <0.01 0.066
Phosphorus, mmol/L 2.10c 2.31b 2.39b 2.56a 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.682
1

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; DBIL, direct bilirubin; TBIL, total bilirubin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RF, rheumatoid factor.

2

LST, Lasia spinosa Thw.; LST0, control diet; LST1, 1% supplementation level of LST powder; LST2, 2% supplementation level of LST powder; LST4, 4% supplementation level of LST powder.

3

Mean values within a row with different letters differ at p < 0.05.

4

SEM.

(a–d)

are the presented letters of statistical p-value. Same letters in a row means that p > 0.05, presenting the statistical results not significant difference. Different letters in a row means that p < 0.05, presenting the analysis results in (a–c) are the presented letters of statistical p-value. Same letters in a row means that p > 0.05, presenting the statistical results not significant difference. Different letters in a row means that p < 0.05, presenting the analysis results in significant difference.