Table 6.

Cytokines and their role in febrile seizure induction.

Cytokine	Role	Association	Key viruses
IL-1β	Pro-inflammatory	•Increased up to 5 h following febrile seizures (64).	HHV-6 (6)
IL-6	Pro-inflammatory	•Up to 98% increased production in cells of children with a history of febrile seizures (64). •Level of IL-6 may indicate the severity of the disease (17).	Influenza (65)
TNF-α	Pro-inflammatory	•Found in 76% of patients with influenza-induced encephalopathy and febrile seizures due to influenza (65).	Influenza (65)
IL-10	Anti-inflammatory	•Increased in children with a febrile seizure history (64). •Increases mortality (65). •Level of IL-6 may indicate the severity of the disease (17).	Influenza (65)