Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients receiving GLP-1 RA (baseline).
| Responder (n = 34) | Non-responder (n = 18) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.8 ± 2.1 | 51.2 ± 2.8 | 0.564 |
| Gender (male/female) | 22/12 | 8/10 | 0.239 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 11.2 ± 1.2 | 0.589 |
| BMI | 30.4 ± 0.8 | 30.0 ± 1.3 | 0.570 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 182.8 ± 11.1 | 162.7 ± 14.6 | 0.223 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 8.9 ± 0.5 | 0.012* |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) | 81.0 ± 5.9 | 97.5 ± 13.7 | 0.436 |
| UACR | 749 ± 337 | 663 ± 442 | 0.129 |
| ALT (U/L) | 39.8 ± 4.9 | 37.5 ± 7.8 | 0.496 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 191.6 ± 11.7 | 160.4 ± 7.6 | 0.100 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 98.3 ± 7.4 | 94.7 ± 6.5 | 0.953 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 38.4 ± 2.0 | 41.6 ± 2.4 | 0.385 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 356.6 ± 66.3 | 145.8 ± 14 | 0.003** |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 0.091 |
| Estimated calorie intake (Kcal/day) | 1627 ± 108 | 1634 ± 135 | 0.992 |
| Protein (%) | 17.7 ± 0.7 | 17.1 ± 0.8 | 0.615 |
| Fat (%) | 32.4 ± 1.8 | 31.8 ± 1.7 | 0.893 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 50.0 ± 2.3 | 51.1 ± 2.4 | 0.916 |
| Dietary fiber intake (g/day) | 15.8 ± 1 | 15.3 ± 2 | 0.435 |
| Dulaglutide/liraglutide | 23/11 | 7/11 | 0.076 |
| Concurrent medication (use/no-use): | |||
| Metformin | 30/4 | 17/1 | 0.648 |
| Sulphonylurea | 14/20 | 6/12 | 0.766 |
| Pioglitazone | 5/29 | 1/17 | 0.412 |
| Insulin | 12/22 | 11/7 | 0.088 |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycohemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. Continuous data are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean. Wilcoxon rank sum test/Fisher’s Exact Test, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.