Table 2.
Gaming behavior by demographic characteristics among all participants.
| Characteristics | Gaming behavior, n (%) | P value | Participants, n (%) | ||||||||||
|
|
Increased | Unchanged | Decreased |
|
|||||||||
| Total sample | 357 (38.3) | 541 (58.0) | 34 (3.6) | N/Aa | 932 (100) | ||||||||
| Gender | |||||||||||||
|
|
Female | 179 (39.6) | 259 (57.3) | 14 (3.1) | .55 | 452 (48.5) | |||||||
|
|
Male | 178 (37.1) | 282 (58.8) | 20 (4.2) | 480 (51.5) | ||||||||
| Age group (years) | |||||||||||||
|
|
16-24 | 87 (56.9) | 59 (38.6) | 7 (4.6) | <.001 | 153 (16.4) | |||||||
|
|
25-39 | 146 (50.9) | 126 (43.9) | 15 (5.2) | 287 (30.8) | ||||||||
|
|
40-59 | 77 (25.8) | 213 (71.2) | 9 (3.0) | 299 (32.1) | ||||||||
|
|
≥60 | 47 (24.4) | 143 (74.1) | 3 (1.6) | 193 (20.7) | ||||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||||||
|
|
Studying | 93 (61.2) | 52 (34.2) | 7 (4.6) | <.001 | 152 (16.3) | |||||||
|
|
Employed | 174 (33.4) | 325 (62.4) | 22 (4.2) | 521 (55.9) | ||||||||
|
|
Unemployed | 34 (54.0) | 28 (44.4) | 1 (1.6) | 63 (6.8) | ||||||||
|
|
Retired | 48 (27.7) | 122 (70.5) | 3 (1.7) | 173 (18.6) | ||||||||
|
|
Other | 8 (34.8) | 14 (60.9) | 1 (4.3) | 23 (2.5) | ||||||||
| Level of education | |||||||||||||
|
|
Primary school | 37 (43.5) | 47 (55.3) | 1 (1.2) | .60 | 85 (9.1) | |||||||
|
|
Secondary school | 135 (36.9) | 214 (58.5) | 17 (4.6) | 366 (39.3) | ||||||||
|
|
University | 173 (38.4) | 261 (58.0) | 16 (3.6) | 450 (48.3) | ||||||||
|
|
Other | 12 (38.7) | 19 (61.3) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (3.3) | ||||||||
| Disposable income (SEKb) | |||||||||||||
|
|
<20,000 | 150 (48.7) | 146 (47.4) | 12 (3.9) | <.001 | 308 (33.0) | |||||||
|
|
20,000-40,000 | 157 (34.5) | 284 (62.4) | 14 (3.1) | 455 (48.8) | ||||||||
|
|
>40,000 | 50 (29.6) | 111 (65.7) | 8 (4.7) | 169 (18.1) | ||||||||
| Loot box | |||||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 54 (51.9) | 45 (43.3) | 5 (4.8) | .002 | 104 (11.2) | |||||||
|
|
No | 208 (35.3) | 363 (61.6) | 18 (3.1) | 589 (63.2) | ||||||||
|
|
Missing | 95 (39.7) | 133 (55.6) | 11 (4.6) | 239 (25.6) | ||||||||
| Time at home | |||||||||||||
|
|
Much more | 269 (47.4) | 284 (50.0) | 15 (2.6) | <.001 | 568 (60.9) | |||||||
|
|
Slightly more | 71 (28.2) | 168 (66.7) | 13 (5.2) | 252 (27.0) | ||||||||
|
|
Unchanged | 15 (14.0) | 86 (80.4) | 6 (5.6) | 107 (11.5) | ||||||||
|
|
Less time | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.5) | ||||||||
| Change in alcohol habits | |||||||||||||
|
|
More alcohol | 49 (50.5) | 43 (44.3) | 5 (5.2) | <.001 | 97 (10.4) | |||||||
|
|
Unchanged | 133 (27.7) | 339 (70.6) | 8 (1.7) | 480 (51.5) | ||||||||
|
|
Less alcohol | 117 (51.1) | 98 (42.8) | 14 (6.1) | 229 (24.6) | ||||||||
|
|
Does not drink | 58 (46.0) | 61 (48.4) | 7 (5.6) | 126 (13.5) | ||||||||
| Change in exercise habits | |||||||||||||
|
|
More exercise | 87 (35.5) | 147 (60.0) | 11 (4.5) | <.001 | 245 (26.3) | |||||||
|
|
Unchanged | 89 (29.1) | 208 (68.0) | 9 (2.9) | 306 (32.8) | ||||||||
|
|
Less exercise | 168 (49.3) | 161 (47.2) | 12 (3.5) | 341 (36.6) | ||||||||
|
|
Never | 13 (32.5) | 25 (62.5) | 2 (5.0) | 40 (4.3) | ||||||||
| In school | |||||||||||||
|
|
Yes | 107 (59.4) | 66 (36.7) | 7 (3.9) | <.001 | 180 (19.3) | |||||||
|
|
No | 250 (33.2) | 475 (63.2) | 27 (3.6) | 752 (80.7) | ||||||||
| School performance | |||||||||||||
|
|
Unchanged | 26 (47.3) | 28 (50.9) | 1 (1.8) | .08 | 55 (5.9) | |||||||
|
|
Better | 26 (65.0) | 11 (27.5) | 3 (7.5) | 40 (4.3) | ||||||||
|
|
Worse | 55 (64.7) | 27 (31.8) | 3 (3.5) | 85 (9.1) | ||||||||
|
|
Missing | 250 (33.2) | 475 (63.2) | 27 (3.6) | 752 (80.7) | ||||||||
| School attendance | |||||||||||||
|
|
Unchanged | 61 (57.0) | 44 (41.1) | 2 (1.9) | <.001 | 107 (11.5) | |||||||
|
|
Less | 25 (69.4) | 11 (30.6) | 0 (0.0) | 36 (3.9) | ||||||||
|
|
More | 21 (56.8) | 11 (29.7) | 5 (13.5) | 37 (4.0) | ||||||||
|
|
Missing | 250 (33.2) | 475 (63.2) | 27 (3.6) | 752 (80.7) | ||||||||
| PGS-Ic | |||||||||||||
|
|
No problem with gambling | 157 (32.6) | 310 (64.3) | 15 (3.1) | <.001 | 482 (51.7) | |||||||
|
|
Low risk of gambling problems | 40 (43.0) | 48 (51.6) | 5 (5.4) | 93 (10.0) | ||||||||
|
|
Moderate risk of gambling problems | 39 (52.7) | 34 (45.9) | 1 (1.4) | 74 (7.9) | ||||||||
|
|
Gambling problems | 18 (56.3) | 14 (43.8) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (3.4) | ||||||||
|
|
Missing | 103 (41.0) | 135 (53.8) | 13 (5.2) | 251 (26.9) | ||||||||
| Kessler-6 | |||||||||||||
|
|
Score 0-4: no psychological distress | 79 (20.8) | 286 (75.3) | 15 (3.9) | <.001 | 380 (40.8) | |||||||
|
|
Score 5-24: moderate psychological distress | 273 (50.5) | 251 (46.4) | 17 (3.1) | 541 (58.0) | ||||||||
|
|
Missing | 5 (45.5) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (18.2) | 11 (1.2) | ||||||||
| GASAd | |||||||||||||
|
|
Addicted/problem gamer | 40 (66.7) | 17 (28.3) | 3 (5.0) | <.001 | 60 (6.4) | |||||||
|
|
Engaged gamer | 36 (66.7) | 17 (31.5) | 1 (1.9) | 54 (5.8) | ||||||||
|
|
No problem | 281 (34.4) | 507 (62.0) | 30 (3.7) | 818 (87.8) | ||||||||
aN/A: not applicable.
bA currency exchange rate of SEK 1=US $0.11 is applicable.
cPGS-I: Problem Gambling Severity Index.
dGASA: Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents.