Table 2.

Descriptive information and correlations among temperament dimensions.

	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.	11.	12.
1. Struggle	—
2. Anger	0.12	—
3. Object fear	−0.01	0.44***	—
4. Social fear	−0.14	0.21**	0.25***	—
5. Sadness	0.19*	0.65***	0.38***	0.19*	—
6. Soothability	0.13	−0.29***	−0.24***	−0.21**	−0.17*	—
7. Activity	0.14	0.43***	0.13	0.16*	0.44***	−0.17*	—
8. Inhibitory control	−0.11	−0.51***	−0.08	−0.15*	−0.35***	0.31***	−0.51***	—
9. Attention	0.06	−0.15*	0.06	−0.07	−0.14	0.22**	−0.30***	0.48***	—
10. Perceptual sensitivity	0.09	0.44***	0.58***	0.23**	0.42***	−0.04	0.27***	−0.14*	0.12	—
11. Interest	0.12	−0.09	0.15*	−0.08	−0.04	0.21**	−0.20**	0.31***	0.61***	0.23**	—
12. Pleasure	0.15*	0.09	−0.04	−0.28***	0.13	0.46***	0.06	0.06	0.16*	0.17*	0.36***	—
N	190	199	194	197	189	199	200	194	196	198	198	200
Mean	1.47	3.92	2.50	3.93	3.60	5.09	4.35	3.84	3.93	3.35	4.06	5.48
SD	0.99	1.12	1.00	0.95	0.94	0.88	0.84	0.71	0.60	0.98	0.95	0.88

Note:

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.

“Struggle” = behavioral reactivity based on observational assessment of an arm restraint task (Goldsmith & Rothbart, 1999). Scores on all temperament dimensions excluding “Struggle” were calculated based on maternal report of infant behavior at 16-months of age via the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (TBAQ; Goldsmith, 1996). Scores for TBAQ subscales were not calculated if subscale was missing 50% of their respective items.