Fig 2. Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and -2) enzyme inhibitory activities sterols (1–5) from the hexane extract of L. japonica and cholesterol were tested at 25 μg/mL concentration.

Commercial NSAIDs aspirin, ibuprofen, Celebrex^® and naproxen used as positive control and tested at 108, 12, 1 and 12 μg/mL, respectively. The varying concentrations of positive controls used were to yield a comparable activity profile between 50–100% by test compounds and positive controls alike. Vertical bars represent the standard deviation of each data point (n = 2).