Table 2. Number of unnecessary thoracotomies according to staging approach in randomized controlled trials.

Authors	No. pts.	Study design	Unnecessary thoracotomies	P
Navani et al.	133 (66/67)	Conventional staging vs. EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA	13 vs. 5	0.035
Annema et al.	241 (118/123)	Mediastinoscopy vs. EBUS-TBNA/EUS-FNA and confirmatory surgical staging	21 vs. 9	0.02