Table 2. Percentages of agreement on the IPDMUV-R by sex and country.
| ES | χ2 | SV | χ2 | CL | χ2 | AR | χ2 | MX | χ2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3. Men are the heads of the family, so women must obey them. | Men | 1.1% | 4.84* | 9.8% | .35 | 2.5% | 1.54 | 1.2% | 4.57* | 4.8% | 1.50 |
| Women | .1% | 6.6% | 0% | 0% | 2% | ||||||
| 4. Women must have lunch and dinner ready when men get home. | Men | 2.8% | 17.58*** | 31.7% | .17 | 7.5% | 4.72* | 3.6% | .41 | 11.1% | 10.27*** |
| Women | .1% | 27.9% | 0% | 2.3% | 2% | ||||||
| 5. A woman must have sex with her partner, even if the woman doesn’t want to at the time. | Men | 0% | - | 7.3% | .86 | 2.5% | 1.54 | 1.2% | 4.57* | 6.3% | 6.36* |
| Women | 0% | 3.3% | 0% | 0% | 1% | ||||||
| 6. Women must not contradict their partners. | Men | .5% | .48 | 7.3% | .48 | 5% | 3.11 | 3.6% | 4.22* | 7.9% | 3.07 |
| Women | .2% | 11.5% | 0% | .8% | 2.9% | ||||||
| 8. Many women consider abuse by their partners to be a token of their partners’ concern for them. | Men | 36.3% | 4.81* | 41.5% | .30 | 37.5% | 3.22 | 41.7% | .37 | 38.1% | .02 |
| Women | 45.2% | 36.1% | 55.7% | 45.3% | 37.1% | ||||||
| 9. When a man hits his partner, the woman knows the reason behind it. | Men | 2.2% | 1.07 | 14.6% | 2.88 | 0% | 2.03 | 1.2% | .29 | 12.7% | 10.99*** |
| Women | 1.2% | 4.9% | 4.9% | 2.1% | 2.4% | ||||||
| 11. Many women deliberately provoke their partners so their partners lose control and hit them. | Men | 4.9% | 6.35* | 22% | 3.92* | 7.5% | .92 | 4.8% | 1.10 | 11.1% | 3.15 |
| Women | 1.8% | 8.2% | 3.3% | 2.6% | 4.9% | ||||||
| 13. Teachers at school are right to use physical | Men | 3.3% | 7.07** | 17.1% | .65 | 5% | .95 | 1.2% | .14 | 7.9% | 4.06* |
| punishment against children who are repeatedly disobedient and rebellious. | Women | .8% | 11.5% | 1.6% | .8% | 2.4% | |||||
| 14. Children do not realize that their fathers abuse their mothers unless the children witness a fight. | Men | 42.9% | 2.53 | 41.5% | .52 | 22.5% | 1.65 | 35.7% | 2.31 | 39.7% | 10.67*** |
| Women | 36.6% | 34.4% | 34.4% | 27.4% | 19.5% | ||||||
| 16. Most men who assault their partners feel ashamed and guilty because of the abuse. | Men | 13.3% | 15.63*** | 29.3% | 5.12* | 17.5% | 1.27 | 7.1% | .15 | 20.6% | 9.14** |
| Women | 5.2% | 11.5% | 9.8% | 6% | 7.3% | ||||||
| 17. What happens within a family only concerns the family. | Men | 5.5% | .20 | 31.7% | 1.24 | 20% | 4.17* | 13.1% | 3.34 | 31.7% | 12.32*** |
| Women | 4.7% | 42.6% | 6.6% | 7.1% | 12.7% | ||||||
| 19. On many occasions, men mistreat their partners because their partners annoy the men. | Men | 9.9% | 6.64** | 14.6% | .06 | 12.5% | .18 | 19% | 11.12*** | 23.8% | 4.60* |
| Women | 4.9% | 16.4% | 9.8% | 7.3% | 12.7% | ||||||
| 20. Most people who employ some type of violence are unsuccessful people or “losers”. | Men | 33.7% | 9.43** | 48.8% | 1.64 | 17.5% | .71 | 25% | .31 | 33.3% | 10.22*** |
| Women | 22.8% | 36.1% | 24.6% | 22.2% | 15.1% | ||||||
Note: χ 2=Chi squared; ES=Spain; SV=El Salvador; CL=Chile; AR=Argentina; MX=Mexico; ∗p ≤ .05; ∗ ∗ p ≤ .01; ∗ ∗ ∗p ≤ .001.