Table 5. Average Effect Sizes and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Relationships Between Family Hardiness and Different Dimensions of Parental Functioning.
| Parental Functioning Measures | k | N | r | 95%CI | Z-test | p-value | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Parent Measures Combined | 35 | 3772 | .41 | .34, .48 | 10.64 | .000 | 83 |
| Parental Global Health | 4 | 474 | .50 | .22, .70 | 5.43 | .000 | 79 |
| Parental Stress | 6 | 705 | -.37 | -.12, -.57 | 3.80 | .000 | 86 |
| Parental Anxiety & Depression | 9 | 994 | -.43 | -.32, -.53 | 8.01 | .000 | 62 |
| Parental Well-Being | 7 | 520 | .54 | .30, .71 | 5.07 | .000 | 85 |
| Parenting Demands | 6 | 702 | -.27 | -.02, -.50 | 2.74 | .003 | 86 |
| Parenting Practices | 3 | 377 | .31 | .21, .41 | 12.94 | .000 | 0 |
Note. k=Number of effect sizes, N=Number of study participants, r=Average weighted effect size, and CI=Confidence interval.