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. 2022 Jan 13;11:e69078. doi: 10.7554/eLife.69078

Figure 2. Maternal and fetal serum lipidome measured by direct infusion mass spectrometry.

(A–B) Relative changes in serum lipid classes abundance in obese dams (A) and in obese fetuses (B). Values are mean + SE. *p < 0.05 calculated by Student t-test or Mann-Whitney test. (C) Influence of maternal diet and sex on fetal serum lipid classes abundance as calculated by factorial ANOVA. (D) Regulation of maternal and fetal serum lipid species ranked according to their abundance. Coloured dots represent statistically regulated species as calculated by univariate Student t-test (p < 0.05) and PLS-DA VIP (vip score >1) in maternal or fetal OB serum compared to CTL. (E–G) Serum levels of regulated lipids from obese dams (E) and from male (F) and female (G) fetuses of obese dams at gestational day 18.5. Each dot represents a result from one obese fetus' serum relative to the average of results for individual lipids in the control group (straight line). Dam CTL n = 9, dam OB n = 6, male fetuses CTL n = 10, male fetuses OB n = 8, female fetuses CTL n = 10, female fetuses OB n = 7; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 calculated by Student t-test. In figures A-C: PE, phosphatidylethanolamines/odd chain phosphatidylcholines; PC, phosphatidylcholines/odd-chain phosphatidylethanolamines; PG, phosphatidylglycerols; PS, phosphatidylserines; PA, phosphatidic acids; PI, phosphatidylinositols; TG, monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides; SM, sphingomyelins; CE, cholesteryl esters; Cer, ceramides; PL, phospholipids. In figures D-G, other isobaric lipids can contribute to these signals (Supplementary file 1). See also Figure 2—figure supplement 1 and Figure 2—figure supplement 2.

Figure 2—source data 1. Relative lipid classes abundance in maternal serum (Figure 2A).
Figure 2—source data 2. Relative lipid classes abundance in fetal serum (Figure 2B).
Figure 2—source data 3. Direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry of the serum (positive mode only) (Figure 2D–G).
Scaled raw data and statistical significance.

Figure 2.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1. Multivariate analysis of the maternal and fetal serum lipid profiles.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1.

(A) PCA plots showing the PC1 and PC2 scores for individual dam and fetal serum lipidomes at gestational day 18.5. (B–C) PCA plots showing the PC1 and PC2 scores for individual dam (B) or fetal (C) serum lipidomes.
Figure 2—figure supplement 2. Serum levels of lipid groups.

Figure 2—figure supplement 2.

(A) Heatmap showing lipid classes serum levels in male and female E18.5 fetuses. (B–C) Pearson’s correlation between individual lipid species in maternal serum and male (B) and female (C) fetal serum at gestational day 18.5. Blue dots represent positively correlated lipid species between maternal and fetal serum deemed statistically significant (p < 0.05). Red dots represent negatively correlated lipid species between maternal and fetal serum deemed statistically significant (p < 0.05). (D) Relative abundance of different lipid classes in maternal and fetal control serum.