Table 6.

Description of the case studies

	Case study: fuelwood	Case study: charcoal	Case study: bagasse
Brief description	The system evaluates the traditional fuelwood collection and transportation for self-consumption for heating and cooking in rural households	The system consists of traditional charcoal production by a family-owned forest enterprise that has been in formal production of charcoal, poles and firewood since 1963. For the last 30 years, forest is managed exclusively for charcoal (6900 ha)	The system evaluates the burning of sugarcane bagasse in an improved boiler (relative to the existing technology in the sugar mill), to produce electricity in excess of the sugar mill’s demand and exporting the surplus to the grid for additional income
System boundaries/included stages	Forest management for fuelwood manual collection/transport of wood by pack animal/final use for cooking and heating in a Patsari cookstove	Forest management of natural forest through natural regeneration/recollection of residual wood/transport of wood/transformation in earth-mound kilns/transport of charcoal to warehouse and then urban centers/end-use in restaurant grills	Sugarcane cultivation/harvesting/cane transportation/cane preparation/cane milling
Production capacity	The fuelwood consumed is 2.5 t/a per family for self-consumption (500 t/a of fuelwood in the locality). This translates to 12,607 GJ/a of energy content in the biomass	971 t/a of charcoal from 1,938 t/a of dry wood are produced in this system. This corresponds to 26,280 GJ/a of energy content in the charcoal	The system processes 371,466 t/a of bagasse for a power generation of 50.4 GWh/a (self-consumption and exports to the grid)
End-use	Use of fuelwood in Patsari cookstoves for heating and cooking	Use of charcoal for cooking in restaurant grills	Power generation using excess bagasse from the sugar mill
Type of end-use	Households (rural homes)	Commercial (restaurants)	Industrial (sugar mill) and exports to the grid
Equivalence to estimate GHG mitigation	0.6 kg of fuelwood in a Patsari cookstove is equivalent to 1 kg of fuelwood in a traditional U-shaped open fire [44]	1 kg of charcoal is equivalent to 0.28 L of LPG in restaurant grills (from field data and observation)	1 kWh of electricity from sugarcane bagasse is equivalent to 1 kWh of electricity from the grid
Data sources	Mostly from field interviews, validated with literature data	Mostly from data gathered from the sugar mill and validated with literature reviews	Mostly from field interviews. Emissions and economic data of the improved boiler is from a process simulation