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. 2022 Jan 14;9:816697. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.816697

Table 8.

CS–ARDL estimations.

	Dependent variable: GGR_{i, t}
	Long run				Short run
Variable	Linear	Non–Linear	Interaction		Linear	Non–Linear	Interaction
GDP _{i, t}	0.424^a (0.125)	0.471^a (0.131)	0.527^b (0.260)	ΔGDP_{i, t}	0.338^a (0.152)	0.347^b (0.134)	0.107^a (0.035)
$G D P_{i, t}^{2}$	–	−0.221^c (0.130)	–	$Δ G D P_{i, t}^{2}$	–	−0.330^c (0.192)	–
ENC _{i, t}	−0.642^c (0.344)	−0.531^b (0.231)	−0.443^c (0.252)	ΔENC_{i, t}	−1.571^c (0.877)	−0.104^a (0.032)	−0.267^c (0.140)
ENT _{i, t}	−1.611^b (0.625)	−0.169^b (0.077)	−0.429^a (0.138)	ΔENT_{i, t}	−0.542^b (0.286)	−0.648^b (0.295)	−0.345^b (0.134)
GTN _{i, t}	0.138^b (0.054)	0.478^a (0.144)	0.658^b (0.310)	ΔGTN_{i, t}	1.316^b (0.602)	0.655^c (0.352)	0.453^b (0.181)
EMS _{i, t}	−0.043^b (0.018)	−0.191^b (0.089)	−0.966^c (0.499)	ΔEMS_{i, t}	−1.134^b (0.565)	−1.160^c (0.606)	−2.624^a (0.558)
$(\begin{matrix} E N C_{i, t} \\ \times E M S_{i, t} \end{matrix})$	–	–	−0.261^c (0.134)	$Δ (\begin{matrix} E N C_{i, t} \\ \times E M S_{i, t} \end{matrix})$	–	–	−0.633^b (0.286)
–	–	–	–	ECT(−1)	−0.079^a (0.027)	−0.1907^b (0.089)	−0.253^a (0.060)

^a, ^b, and ^c show statistical significance at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively.

Values in parenthesis are standard errors.

Authors' estimations.