Table 1.

Summary of current PicoShell variations

	Fabrication throughput (PicoShells/h)	Chemical release mechanism	Primary advantage	Primary disadvantage
DTT cross-linked with UV	2.5 million	NaIO4	High fabrication throughput	Unclear how UV affects cells
DTT cross-linked via pH	1.3 million	NaIO4	Compatible with most cell types	Limited to mechanical degradation to viably release cells
Peptide cross-linked via pH	1.3 million	MMPs or trypsin	Cells can be chemically released	Cells may prematurely release themselves via enzyme secretions
Disulfide cross-linked via pH	1.3 million	DTT or TCEP	Cells can be chemically released	Only compatible with robust cell types such as bacteria and yeast

Information is based on cells and chemistries explored in this study and previous studies.