Table 2.
Adjusted association of depressive symptom severity with weeks of sick leave during 12 months in men and women with full- and part-time employment (n = 12,405)
| Count part of zero-inflated Poisson model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp (B) [95%CI] | ||||
| Men | Women | |||
| Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | |
| PHQ-8 (depressive symptoms, reference = no/minimal) | ||||
| Mild | 1.51 [1.44;1.59] | 1.33 [1.27;1.40] | 1.42 [1.37;1.49] | 1.37 [1.31;1.43] |
| Moderate | 2.11 [1.96;2.26] | 1.61 [1.50;1.73]a | 2.37 [2.25;2.50] | 2.04 [1.93;2.15] |
| Moderately severe | 2.43 [2.19;2.71] | 1.91 [1.71;2.13] | 3.03 [2.81;3.27] | 2.54 [2.35;2.75] |
| Severe | 5.34 [4.58;6.23] | 3.84 [3.29;4.50] | 4.02 [3.58;4.51] | 2.96 [2.63;3.33] |
| Age group (reference = 18–39 years) | ||||
| 40–59 years | 1.65 [1.57;1.74] | 1.35 [1.28;1.43] | 1.61 [1.55;1.68] | 1.41 [1.34;1.47] |
| ≥ 60 years | 3.21 [2.99;3.44] | 2.40 [2.22;2.59] | 2.04 [1.90;2.19] | 1.61 [1.49;1.75] |
| BMI (reference = normal weight) | ||||
| Underweight | 0.48 [0.30;0.77] | 0.56 [0.35;0.90] | 0.83 [0.72;0.94] | 0.82 [0.72;0.93] |
| Overweight | 1.29 [1.23;1.35] | 1.14 [1.08;1.19] | 1.45 [1.39;1.51] | 1.26 [1.21;1.31] |
| Obesity | 1.72 [1.63;1.82] | 1.24 [1.17;1.31] | 1.63 [1.55;1.70] | 1.26 [1.20;1.32] |
| Smoking status (reference = never smoked) | ||||
| Daily | 1.78 [1.68;1.88] | 1.43 [1.35;1.51] | 1.33 [1.27;1.39] | 1.08 [1.03;1.13] |
| Occasionally | 0.97 [0.89;1.07] | 0.99 [0.91;1.09] | 0.78 [0.72;0.85] | 0.80 [0.73;0.87] |
| Quit smoking | 1.66 [1.58;1.75] | 1.30 [1.23;1.37] | 1.15 [1.10;1.20] | 1.01 [0.96;1.05] |
| Marital status (reference = single) | ||||
| Married/living with partner | 1.34 [1.28;1.41] | 1.07 [1.01;1.13] | 1.21 [1.16;1.26] | 0.98 [0.93;1.02] |
| Widowed | 2.15 [1.73;2.68] | 1.36 [1.09;1.70] | 2.21 [2.00;2.44] | 1.37 [1.23;1.52] |
| Divorced/separated from partner | 1.92 [1.77;2.07] | 1.38 [1.27;1.49] | 1.53 [1.45;1.62] | 1.08 [1.02;1.15] |
| Socioeconomic-status (reference = high) | ||||
| Low | 2.38 [2.22;2.56] | 1.78 [1.66;1.91] | 1.76 [1.65;1.87] | 1.28 [1.20;1.37] |
| Medium | 2.08 [1.97,2.21] | 1.83 [1.73;1.94] | 1.39 [1.33;1.45] | 1.22 [1.16;1.27] |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.46 [1.43;1.49] | 1.24 [1.21;1.26] | 1.38 [1.36;1.41] | 1.18 [1.15;1.20] |
| Logit part of zero-inflated multivariable Poisson model | ||
|---|---|---|
| B [95%CI] | ||
| Men | Women | |
| PHQ-8 (depressive symptoms, reference = no/minimal)* | ||
| Mild | −0.49 [−0.67;−0.31] | −0.41 [−0.56;−0.26] |
| Moderate | −0.94 [−1.31;−0.57]b | −0.74 [−1.01;−0.47] |
| Moderately severe | −0.75 [−1.36;−0.14] | −0.82 [−1.29;−0.35] |
| Severe | −0.91 [−2.25;0.43] | −1.82 [−3.03;−0.61] |
| Age group (reference = 18–39 years) | ||
| 40–59 years | 0.77 [0.59;0.96] | 0.99 [0.81;1.16] |
| ≥ 60 years | 1.91 [1.65;2.17] | 1.60 [1.34;1.86] |
| Socioeconomic-status (reference = high) | ||
| Low | 0.69 [0.46;0.93] | 0.79 [0.58;1.01] |
| Medium | 0.45 [0.28;0.63] | 0.28 [0.13;0.43] |
| Number of comorbidities | −0.31 [−0.42;−0.20] | −0.30 [−0.40;−0.19] |
*More severe depressive symptoms result in smaller log odds of certainly having zero sick leave weeks
aInterpretation example: Compared to men with no or minimal depressive symptoms, men with moderate depressive symptoms have a 1.61 times higher number of sick leave weeks
bInterpretation example: Compared to men with no or minimal depressive symptoms, the log odds of certainly having zero sick leave weeks are −0.94 in men with moderate depressive symptoms