Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for analyzing variables associated with sarcopenia in HNC patients

Sarcopenia	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Age (years)
≤ 80	Ref			Ref			Ref
> 80	3.391	1.51–9.99	0.027**	3.196	0.98–10.34	0.052	3.587	1.02–12.58	0.046**
Sex
Male	Ref
Female	1.238	0.46–3.32	0.671
Weight loss 6 months prior to diagnosis
Non	Ref
< 10%	0.886	0.28–2.76	0.834
≥ 10%	1.550	0.31–7.82	0.596
BMI (kg/m2)	0.873	0.78–0.98	0.024**	0.867	0.77–0.98	0.022**	0.869	0.76–0.99	0.033**
Charlson comorbidity index	1.299	0.99–1.70	0.058
TNM Stage
I	Ref
II	0.214	0.03–1.24	0.086
III	0.240	0.04–1.51	0.129
IV	0.273	0.05–1.37	0.115
Frailty Fried criteria	1.916	1.28–2.87	0.002*				1.892	1.22–2.93	0.004*
Frailty GFI
No	Ref
Yes	1.884	0.69–5.12	0.214
Frailty CGA
No	Ref			Ref
Yes	2.981	1.05–8.47	0.040**	2.537	0.83–7.76	0.103

The first with multivariate analysis is conducted with Frailty CGA and the second with Frailty Fried criteria because of assumed multicollinearity

BMI body mass index, GFI groningen grailty indicator, CGA comprehensive geriatric assessment

^*Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)

^**Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)