Figure 1. Study summary and flow chart for sample distribution.
(A) small RNA clusters (smRCs) from unannotated genomic regions were identified by unsupervised small RNA sequencing from circulating EVs and characterized. Their clinical utility was confirmed in a phase 2 biomarker case-control study for the detection of early stage HCC. (Created with BioRender.com.) (B) Schematic view of study flow diagram with different cohorts, and available specimen and separation method for each cohort. Three independent datasets with a total of 479 samples from 375 patients were included.